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S2 E2 KCU COB Andersen Courses > Anatomy II Lecture 11: Knee and Popliteal Fossa > Flashcards

Anatomy II Lecture 11: Knee and Popliteal Fossa Flashcards

1
Q

What are the femoral condyles separated anteriorly by?

A

Patellar surface

An asymmetric, shallow, saddle-shaped groove

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2
Q

What are the femoral condyles separated by posteriorly by?

A

Intercondylar fossa

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3
Q

What are the articulating surfaces of the tibiofemoral joint?

A

Femoral condyles and the tibial plateaus

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4
Q

T/F the medial tibial plateaus is larger than that of the lateral

A

True

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5
Q

What are the medial and lateral tibial plateaus separated by?

A

Intercondylar tubercles

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6
Q

The menisci is a(n)____

A

The menisci is a wedged-shaped fibrocartilage disc

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7
Q

Coronary ligaments and the anterior transverse ligaments are attached to the

A

Menisci

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8
Q

T/F the menisci are highly vascularized

A

False

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9
Q

T/F there is no loss of knee function when the menisci are removed

A

True

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10
Q

Which of the menisci is larger and more likely to get injured?

A

The Medial Meniscus

Opposed to the lateral meniscus

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11
Q

What enhances the stability of the knee by distributing weight, deepening the articular surfaces, and reduces friction between articular surfaces?

A

The menisci

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12
Q

Describe the movement of the medial meniscus during extension and flexion

A

Extension: Moves posteriorly (due to tension in semimembranous muscle)
Flexion: Drawn forward (due to tension in anterior capsular fibers)

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13
Q

What is:
Large and Lax
Deficient on lateral condyle: For passage of the popliteal tendon
Anterior wall replaced by quadriceps tendon
Excludes cruciate ligaments
Commonly communicates with synovial bursae

A

Joint Capsule

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14
Q

Upward expansion of synovial cavity between femur and quadriceps muscles and tendon
Proximally receives insertion of articularis genus muscle

A

Suprapatellar Bursa

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15
Q

Lies between superficial surface of patella and skin

A

Prepatellar Bursa

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16
Q

Lies between patellar ligament and tibia

May become inflamed as a result of excessive kneeling

A

Deep Infrapatellar Bursa ***

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17
Q

Located between tendon popliteus muscle and later condyle of tibia

A

Subpopliteal Bursae

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18
Q

Under medial head of gastrocnemius

A

Gastrocnemius Bursae

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19
Q

What is a Bursa (Bursae)?

A

a fluid-filled sac or saclike cavity, especially one countering friction at a joint.

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20
Q

Between pes anserinus and tibial collateral ligament

A

Anserine Bursa

Note: Pes anserine = combined tendons of semitendinosus, gracilis, and sartorius

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21
Q

The medial collateral ligament is a connection between___

A

The medial femoral condyle and the proximal tubule

Note that it is continuous with the adductor Magnus tendon and is associated with the meniscus

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22
Q

What splits the tendon of biceps femoris muscle?

Hint: It also is separated from lateral meniscus by popliteal tendon

A

Lateral (fibular) collateral ligament

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23
Q

What ligament prevents backward sliding of the femur on the tibia and prevents hyperextension of the knee?

A

Anterior cruciate

24
Q

What ligament is slack during flexion and taut during extension?

A

Anterior cruciate

25
Q

What ligament is taut during flexion and is slack during extension?

A

Posterior cruciate

26
Q

What ligament prevents forward siding of the fumer on the tibia and prevents hyperextension of the knee?

A

Posterior cruciate

27
Q

During the first part, in flexing the knee, what is happening?

A

Posterior rolling and spinning

Rolling femur posteriorly and spinning condyle on the plateau

28
Q

When does anterior sliding of the femoral condyles on tibial plateaus occur?

A

Flexion of the knee

29
Q

During the first part, in extension the knee, what is happening?

A

Femoral condyles roll anteriorly and slide posteriorly

Note: This is followed by rolling and spinning of condyles

30
Q

When the knee is flexed at a 90-degrees angle, how many degrees can the tibia rotate?

A

30 degrees of medial rotation

40 degrees of lateral rotation

31
Q

T/F When the knee is flexed GREATER than 90-degrees, medial and lateral rotation’s range of motion increases

A

False; it decreases

32
Q

Where is the patella embedded?

A

The joint Capsule

33
Q

Between what two structures can the patella be found and attached to?

A

Attached to the quadriceps via the quadriceps tendon and to the tibial tuberosity via the ligamentum patellae

34
Q

The central ridge of the patella slides along the central groove of the femur during

A

knee flexion/extension of the patellofemoral joint

35
Q

The tibia moves posteriorly and the ligamentum patellae pulls the patella distally and posteriorly during

A

Flexion of the patellofemoral joint
Note that the ligamentum patellae pulls the patella distally and posteriorly causes the patella to remain firmly in apposition to the femur

36
Q

The patella is pulled proximally to the quadriceps, the vastus lateralis tends to pull the patella laterally, and the vastus medialis oblique counteracts vastus lateralis during

A

extension of the patellofemoral joint

37
Q

Q-angle of the patellofemoral joint

A

is formed by
- vector of quadriceps (From ASIS to middle of patella)
And
vector of pull of ligamentum patellae (from tibial tubercle to middle of patella

15 degrees

38
Q

What happens to the femur during the last few degrees of extension?

A

Femur rotates medially on tibia

Note that the tibia would also rotate on the femur laterally

39
Q

What is the locked or screw-home mechanism?

A

Tibial tubercles are lodged in intercondylar notch
+
Menisci are tightly interposed between tibial and femoral condyles
This happens during the final few degrees of extension (Locking at full extension)

40
Q

What laterally rotates femur for unlocking at the beginning of knee flexion?

A

The popliteus

He especially noted this

41
Q

What is a medial deviation of the tibia reuslting in a greater than 170 degree angle and results in “bow legs”

A

Genu varum

42
Q

What is a lateral deviation of the tibia resulting in a lesser than 170 degree angle and results in “knock knees”

A

Gen valgum

43
Q

What is the normal angle at the knee where femoral and tibial axes meet?

A

170-175 degrees

44
Q

What is the mechanical axis of the knee?

A

Head of femur to head of talus

45
Q

Where does the anatomic axis of the knee extend?

A

Extends along the femoral shaft

46
Q

T/F the popliteal fossa is the anterior aspect of the knee?

A

False it is the posterior

47
Q

What is the bony landmark of the popliteal fossa?

A

The popliteal surface of the femur (floor)

48
Q

What are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?

A

Superior: Semimembranous and semitendinosus
Inferior: Medial and lateral heads of gastrocnemius

49
Q

What is contained in the popliteal fossa?

A 
Fat
Several popliteal lymph nodes
Popliteal bursa
Superficial to deep: Tibial Nerve, Popliteal Vein, Popliteal Artery
Common Peroneal (fibular) nerve
Small saphenous vein
50
Q

The popliteal arty is a continuation of the

A

femoral artery

51
Q

The lateral and medial superior geniculars, The lateral and medial inferior geniculars, and the Middle genicular are branches off of

A

The popliteal artery

Note: they create the genicular anastomoses

52
Q

What divides into anterior and posterior tibial arteries?

A

Popliteal artery

53
Q

What is the popliteal vein formed by?

A

Venae comitantes

Note: it receives from the small saphenous vein and becomes the femoral vein at the adductor hiatus

54
Q

The tibial nerve is a part of the

A

Sciatic nerve

55
Q

The common peroneal fibular nerve is part of the

A

Sciatic Nerve

56
Q

Sural nerve arises from

A

the tibial nerve

57
Q

What forms the genicular anastomosis

A

Genicular branches of the popliteal artery
Branches of anterior tibial: circumflex fibular and anterior tibial recurrent
Branches of posterior tibial: posterior tibial recurrent

Note: it is a branch from the femoral artery via the descending genicular artery

S2 E2 KCU COB Andersen Courses (14 decks)

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