Anatomy II Lecture 12 The Leg Flashcards
What are the bones of the leg?
Tibia and Fibula
What bone is poorly vascularized, easily fractured, and available for bone grafts?
Tibia
What part of the fibula is important in ankle stability?
Lateral Malleolus
Also a site of muscle attachment
What are the anterior and proximal parts fo the tibia?
Medial and lateral condyles
Tuberosity
Tubercles of the intercondylar eminence
What are the posterior and proximal parts of the tibia?
Medial and Lateral Condyles
Tubercles of the intercondylar eminence
Articular facet for fibula (on inferior surface of lateral condyle)
Soleal line (Shallow rough ridge curving down from lateral condyle)
What is a shallow rough ridge curving down from the lateral condyle on the tibia?
Soleal line
What is on the inferior surface of the lateral condlye of the tibia?
The articular facet for the fibula
Where is the medial malleolus found?
On the anterior distal side of the tibia
What can be seen on the lateral distal side of the tibia?
Fibular notch Soleal line (shallow rough ridge curving down from lateral condyle)
Which is lateral and medial when it comes to the fibula and the tibia?
Fibula is lateral
Tibia is medial
What bone is involved in the ankle joint?
Fibula
What has an articular surface for the talus?
The distal end of the fibula: Lateral Malleolus
When do the interosseous borders of the tibia and fibula face each other?
When the two bones are articulated
What is the crural fascia continuous with?
Fascia Latae: which is continuous with the periosteum and leaves bare area of the tibia
The Crural Fascia forms the retinacula in the foot, what does it bind together and what is that structure called?
Tendons in the anterior crural compartment
called the superior (extensor) retinaculum
What binds tendons to the deep posterior compartment
Flexor retinaculum
What binds tendons of the lateral crural compartment?
Superior/inferior peroneal retinacula
What compartment is the deep fibular nerve territory and contains the dorsiflexors of foot and toes?
Anterior compartment
What compartment is the superficial fibular nerve territory and contains elevators of the foot?
Lateral compartment
What compartment is the tibial nerve territory and contains plantar flexors of foot and toes?
Posterior compartment
What are the cutaneous nerves of the superficial posterior compartment?
- Lateral Sural cutaneous nerve (from the common peroneal fibular nerve) (Runs with the lesser saphenous vein)
- Medial Sural Cutaneous nerve (From tibial nerve)
What muscle crosses both the knee and ankle joint, two heads form the inferior boundary of the popliteal fossa, and the lateral head may have a sesamoid bone (fabella)?
Gastrocnemius
What muscle may be absent in some people and its tendon can be used for hand surgeries?
Plantaris
Which muscle is a broad multipennate muscle and is unijoint?
Soleus
Soleus + Two heads of gastrocnemius =
Triceps surae
What are the three muscles of the superficial posterior compartment?
Gastrocnemius, plantaris, and soleus
What is the common insertion site of the superficial posterior compartment?
Calcaneus via tendo calcaneus (Achilles tendon)
What nerve supplies ALL muscles in the posterior compartment?
Tibial nerve
What does the tibial nerve divide into?
medial and lateral plantar nerves inferior and posterior to medial malleolus
Gives off medial sural cutaneous nerve
What does the tibial nerve join with?
Communicating branch of common peroneal (fibular) nerve to form the sural nerve (cutaneous)
What is the largest branch of the popliteal artery and what does it vascularize?
Posterior tibial artery
Supplies the Superficial posterior compartment
What is the most important branch of the posterior tibial artery and what does it supply?
The peroneal (fibular) artery
Supplies lateral compartment and popliteus muscles and other muscles of the posterior compartment
What are the muscles of the deep posterior compartment?
Popliteus
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor Hallucis Longus
Tibialis posterior
What muscle lies in the floor of the popliteal fossa and flexes and rotates the knee?
Popliteus
What muscle plantar flexes foot at ankle joint?
Flexor digitorum longus
What muscle is important to pushing off for walking, jumping, and walking?
Flexor Hallucis Longus
What muscle functions in plantar flexion and foot inversion?
Hint: It helps to maintain medial longitudinal arch
Tibialis posterior
What is the innervation of the deep posterior compartment?
Tibialis nerve
What is the blood supply of the deep posterior compartment?
Posterior tibial artery
What are the muscles of the anterior compartment?
Tibialis Anterior
Extensor digitorm longus
Peroneus (fibularis) tertius
Extensor Hallucis longus
Paralysis in what muscle results in foot drop?
Tibialis Anterior
What muscle is involved in toe extension at MTP and dorsiflexion?
Extensor digitorm longus
What muscle is part of the extensor digitorum longus and is involved in dorsiflexion and eversion?
Hint: it is sometimes missing in people
Peroneus (fibularis) tertius
What are the common functions of the anterior compartment?
Toe extension and ankle dorsiflexion
What is the innervation of the anterior compartment?
Deep peroneal (fibular) nerve
What parts of the deep peroneal (fibular) nerve innervates the tibialis anterior?
L4-5
What parts of the deep peroneal (fibular) nerve innervates:
Extensor digitorm longus
Peroneus (fibularis) tertius
Extensor Hallucis longusinnervates
L5-S1
Good which of the following question
L4-5 is for the tibialis anterior
What is the blood supply of the anterior compartment?
Hint: it is a smaller terminal branch of the popliteal artery
Anterior tibial artery
What are the muscles of the lateral compartment?
Peroneus (fibularis) longus
Peroneus (fibularis) brevis
What muscle is easily palpated and helps maintain transverse and longitudinal arches of the foot?
Peroneus (fibularis) longus
What muscle functions in plantar flexion and foot eversion?
Peroneus (fibularis) brevis
(Eversion bringing the inner part of the foot closer to the floor; Inversion is bringing in the lateral part of the foot closer to the floor)
What nerves innervates the lateral compartment and what does it insert into?
Superficial peroneal (fibular) nerve Inserts on the lateral tuberosity
What is the blood supply of the lateral compartment
No major arteries in the lateral compartment, but muscular branches arise from the peroneal artery (branches of posterior tibial)
What are the spinal cord level of innervation for the lateral compartment?
L5, S1-S2
