Anatomy II Lecture 12 The Leg Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bones of the leg?

A

Tibia and Fibula

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2
Q

What bone is poorly vascularized, easily fractured, and available for bone grafts?

A

Tibia

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3
Q

What part of the fibula is important in ankle stability?

A

Lateral Malleolus

Also a site of muscle attachment

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4
Q

What are the anterior and proximal parts fo the tibia?

A

Medial and lateral condyles
Tuberosity
Tubercles of the intercondylar eminence

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5
Q

What are the posterior and proximal parts of the tibia?

A

Medial and Lateral Condyles
Tubercles of the intercondylar eminence
Articular facet for fibula (on inferior surface of lateral condyle)
Soleal line (Shallow rough ridge curving down from lateral condyle)

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6
Q

What is a shallow rough ridge curving down from the lateral condyle on the tibia?

A

Soleal line

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7
Q

What is on the inferior surface of the lateral condlye of the tibia?

A

The articular facet for the fibula

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8
Q

Where is the medial malleolus found?

A

On the anterior distal side of the tibia

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9
Q

What can be seen on the lateral distal side of the tibia?

A
Fibular notch 
Soleal line (shallow rough ridge curving down from lateral condyle)
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10
Q

Which is lateral and medial when it comes to the fibula and the tibia?

A

Fibula is lateral

Tibia is medial

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11
Q

What bone is involved in the ankle joint?

A

Fibula

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12
Q

What has an articular surface for the talus?

A

The distal end of the fibula: Lateral Malleolus

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13
Q

When do the interosseous borders of the tibia and fibula face each other?

A

When the two bones are articulated

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14
Q

What is the crural fascia continuous with?

A

Fascia Latae: which is continuous with the periosteum and leaves bare area of the tibia

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15
Q

The Crural Fascia forms the retinacula in the foot, what does it bind together and what is that structure called?

A

Tendons in the anterior crural compartment

called the superior (extensor) retinaculum

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16
Q

What binds tendons to the deep posterior compartment

A

Flexor retinaculum

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17
Q

What binds tendons of the lateral crural compartment?

A

Superior/inferior peroneal retinacula

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18
Q

What compartment is the deep fibular nerve territory and contains the dorsiflexors of foot and toes?

A

Anterior compartment

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19
Q

What compartment is the superficial fibular nerve territory and contains elevators of the foot?

A

Lateral compartment

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20
Q

What compartment is the tibial nerve territory and contains plantar flexors of foot and toes?

A

Posterior compartment

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21
Q

What are the cutaneous nerves of the superficial posterior compartment?

A
  • Lateral Sural cutaneous nerve (from the common peroneal fibular nerve) (Runs with the lesser saphenous vein)
  • Medial Sural Cutaneous nerve (From tibial nerve)
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22
Q

What muscle crosses both the knee and ankle joint, two heads form the inferior boundary of the popliteal fossa, and the lateral head may have a sesamoid bone (fabella)?

A

Gastrocnemius

23
Q

What muscle may be absent in some people and its tendon can be used for hand surgeries?

A

Plantaris

24
Q

Which muscle is a broad multipennate muscle and is unijoint?

A

Soleus

25
Q

Soleus + Two heads of gastrocnemius =

A

Triceps surae

26
Q

What are the three muscles of the superficial posterior compartment?

A

Gastrocnemius, plantaris, and soleus

27
Q

What is the common insertion site of the superficial posterior compartment?

A

Calcaneus via tendo calcaneus (Achilles tendon)

28
Q

What nerve supplies ALL muscles in the posterior compartment?

A

Tibial nerve

29
Q

What does the tibial nerve divide into?

A

medial and lateral plantar nerves inferior and posterior to medial malleolus
Gives off medial sural cutaneous nerve

30
Q

What does the tibial nerve join with?

A

Communicating branch of common peroneal (fibular) nerve to form the sural nerve (cutaneous)

31
Q

What is the largest branch of the popliteal artery and what does it vascularize?

A

Posterior tibial artery

Supplies the Superficial posterior compartment

32
Q

What is the most important branch of the posterior tibial artery and what does it supply?

A

The peroneal (fibular) artery

Supplies lateral compartment and popliteus muscles and other muscles of the posterior compartment

33
Q

What are the muscles of the deep posterior compartment?

A

Popliteus
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor Hallucis Longus
Tibialis posterior

34
Q

What muscle lies in the floor of the popliteal fossa and flexes and rotates the knee?

A

Popliteus

35
Q

What muscle plantar flexes foot at ankle joint?

A

Flexor digitorum longus

36
Q

What muscle is important to pushing off for walking, jumping, and walking?

A

Flexor Hallucis Longus

37
Q

What muscle functions in plantar flexion and foot inversion?

Hint: It helps to maintain medial longitudinal arch

A

Tibialis posterior

38
Q

What is the innervation of the deep posterior compartment?

A

Tibialis nerve

39
Q

What is the blood supply of the deep posterior compartment?

A

Posterior tibial artery

40
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior compartment?

A

Tibialis Anterior
Extensor digitorm longus
Peroneus (fibularis) tertius
Extensor Hallucis longus

41
Q

Paralysis in what muscle results in foot drop?

A

Tibialis Anterior

42
Q

What muscle is involved in toe extension at MTP and dorsiflexion?

A

Extensor digitorm longus

43
Q

What muscle is part of the extensor digitorum longus and is involved in dorsiflexion and eversion?
Hint: it is sometimes missing in people

A

Peroneus (fibularis) tertius

44
Q

What are the common functions of the anterior compartment?

A

Toe extension and ankle dorsiflexion

45
Q

What is the innervation of the anterior compartment?

A

Deep peroneal (fibular) nerve

46
Q

What parts of the deep peroneal (fibular) nerve innervates the tibialis anterior?

A

L4-5

47
Q

What parts of the deep peroneal (fibular) nerve innervates:
Extensor digitorm longus
Peroneus (fibularis) tertius
Extensor Hallucis longusinnervates

A

L5-S1

Good which of the following question
L4-5 is for the tibialis anterior

48
Q

What is the blood supply of the anterior compartment?

Hint: it is a smaller terminal branch of the popliteal artery

A

Anterior tibial artery

49
Q

What are the muscles of the lateral compartment?

A

Peroneus (fibularis) longus

Peroneus (fibularis) brevis

50
Q

What muscle is easily palpated and helps maintain transverse and longitudinal arches of the foot?

A

Peroneus (fibularis) longus

51
Q

What muscle functions in plantar flexion and foot eversion?

A

Peroneus (fibularis) brevis
(Eversion bringing the inner part of the foot closer to the floor; Inversion is bringing in the lateral part of the foot closer to the floor)

52
Q

What nerves innervates the lateral compartment and what does it insert into?

A
Superficial peroneal (fibular) nerve 
Inserts on the lateral tuberosity
53
Q

What is the blood supply of the lateral compartment

A

No major arteries in the lateral compartment, but muscular branches arise from the peroneal artery (branches of posterior tibial)

54
Q

What are the spinal cord level of innervation for the lateral compartment?

A

L5, S1-S2