Anatomy II Lecture 12 The Leg

Question 1

What are the bones of the leg?

Answer 1

Tibia and Fibula

Question 2

What bone is poorly vascularized, easily fractured, and available for bone grafts?

Answer 2

Tibia

Question 3

What part of the fibula is important in ankle stability?

Answer 3

Lateral Malleolus

Also a site of muscle attachment

Question 4

What are the anterior and proximal parts fo the tibia?

Answer 4

Medial and lateral condyles
Tuberosity
Tubercles of the intercondylar eminence

Question 5

What are the posterior and proximal parts of the tibia?

Answer 5

Medial and Lateral Condyles
Tubercles of the intercondylar eminence
Articular facet for fibula (on inferior surface of lateral condyle)
Soleal line (Shallow rough ridge curving down from lateral condyle)

Question 6

What is a shallow rough ridge curving down from the lateral condyle on the tibia?

Answer 6

Soleal line

Question 7

What is on the inferior surface of the lateral condlye of the tibia?

Answer 7

The articular facet for the fibula

Question 8

Where is the medial malleolus found?

Answer 8

On the anterior distal side of the tibia

Question 9

What can be seen on the lateral distal side of the tibia?

Answer 9

Fibular notch 
Soleal line (shallow rough ridge curving down from lateral condyle)

Question 10

Which is lateral and medial when it comes to the fibula and the tibia?

Answer 10

Fibula is lateral

Tibia is medial

Question 11

What bone is involved in the ankle joint?

Answer 11

Fibula

Question 12

What has an articular surface for the talus?

Answer 12

The distal end of the fibula: Lateral Malleolus

Question 13

When do the interosseous borders of the tibia and fibula face each other?

Answer 13

When the two bones are articulated

Question 14

What is the crural fascia continuous with?

Answer 14

Fascia Latae: which is continuous with the periosteum and leaves bare area of the tibia

Question 15

The Crural Fascia forms the retinacula in the foot, what does it bind together and what is that structure called?

Answer 15

Tendons in the anterior crural compartment

called the superior (extensor) retinaculum

Question 16

What binds tendons to the deep posterior compartment

Answer 16

Flexor retinaculum

Question 17

What binds tendons of the lateral crural compartment?

Answer 17

Superior/inferior peroneal retinacula

Question 18

What compartment is the deep fibular nerve territory and contains the dorsiflexors of foot and toes?

Answer 18

Anterior compartment

Question 19

What compartment is the superficial fibular nerve territory and contains elevators of the foot?

Answer 19

Lateral compartment

Question 20

What compartment is the tibial nerve territory and contains plantar flexors of foot and toes?

Answer 20

Posterior compartment

Question 21

What are the cutaneous nerves of the superficial posterior compartment?

Answer 21

• Lateral Sural cutaneous nerve (from the common peroneal fibular nerve) (Runs with the lesser saphenous vein)
• Medial Sural Cutaneous nerve (From tibial nerve)

Question 22

What muscle crosses both the knee and ankle joint, two heads form the inferior boundary of the popliteal fossa, and the lateral head may have a sesamoid bone (fabella)?

Answer 22

Gastrocnemius

Question 23

What muscle may be absent in some people and its tendon can be used for hand surgeries?

Answer 23

Plantaris

Question 24

Which muscle is a broad multipennate muscle and is unijoint?

Answer 24

Soleus

Question 25

Soleus + Two heads of gastrocnemius =

Answer 25

Triceps surae

Question 26

What are the three muscles of the superficial posterior compartment?

Answer 26

Gastrocnemius, plantaris, and soleus

Question 27

What is the common insertion site of the superficial posterior compartment?

Answer 27

Calcaneus via tendo calcaneus (Achilles tendon)

Question 28

What nerve supplies ALL muscles in the posterior compartment?

Answer 28

Tibial nerve

Question 29

What does the tibial nerve divide into?

Answer 29

medial and lateral plantar nerves inferior and posterior to medial malleolus Gives off medial sural cutaneous nerve

Question 30

What does the tibial nerve join with?

Answer 30

Communicating branch of common peroneal (fibular) nerve to form the sural nerve (cutaneous)

Question 31

What is the largest branch of the popliteal artery and what does it vascularize?

Answer 31

Posterior tibial artery Supplies the Superficial posterior compartment

Question 32

What is the most important branch of the posterior tibial artery and what does it supply?

Answer 32

The peroneal (fibular) artery Supplies lateral compartment and popliteus muscles and other muscles of the posterior compartment

Question 33

What are the muscles of the deep posterior compartment?

Answer 33

Popliteus Flexor digitorum longus Flexor Hallucis Longus Tibialis posterior

Question 34

What muscle lies in the floor of the popliteal fossa and flexes and rotates the knee?

Answer 34

Popliteus

Question 35

What muscle plantar flexes foot at ankle joint?

Answer 35

Flexor digitorum longus

Question 36

What muscle is important to pushing off for walking, jumping, and walking?

Answer 36

Flexor Hallucis Longus

Question 37

What muscle functions in plantar flexion and foot inversion? | Hint: It helps to maintain medial longitudinal arch

Answer 37

Tibialis posterior

Question 38

What is the innervation of the deep posterior compartment?

Answer 38

Tibialis nerve

Question 39

What is the blood supply of the deep posterior compartment?

Answer 39

Posterior tibial artery

Question 40

What are the muscles of the anterior compartment?

Answer 40

Tibialis Anterior Extensor digitorm longus Peroneus (fibularis) tertius Extensor Hallucis longus

Question 41

Paralysis in what muscle results in foot drop?

Answer 41

Tibialis Anterior

Question 42

What muscle is involved in toe extension at MTP and dorsiflexion?

Answer 42

Extensor digitorm longus

Question 43

What muscle is part of the extensor digitorum longus and is involved in dorsiflexion and eversion? Hint: it is sometimes missing in people

Answer 43

Peroneus (fibularis) tertius

Question 44

What are the common functions of the anterior compartment?

Answer 44

Toe extension and ankle dorsiflexion

Question 45

What is the innervation of the anterior compartment?

Answer 45

Deep peroneal (fibular) nerve

Question 46

What parts of the deep peroneal (fibular) nerve innervates the tibialis anterior?

Answer 46

L4-5

Question 47

What parts of the deep peroneal (fibular) nerve innervates: Extensor digitorm longus Peroneus (fibularis) tertius Extensor Hallucis longusinnervates

Answer 47

L5-S1 Good which of the following question L4-5 is for the tibialis anterior

Question 48

What is the blood supply of the anterior compartment? | Hint: it is a smaller terminal branch of the popliteal artery

Answer 48

Anterior tibial artery

Question 49

What are the muscles of the lateral compartment?

Answer 49

Peroneus (fibularis) longus | Peroneus (fibularis) brevis

Question 50

What muscle is easily palpated and helps maintain transverse and longitudinal arches of the foot?

Answer 50

Peroneus (fibularis) longus

Question 51

What muscle functions in plantar flexion and foot eversion?

Answer 51

Peroneus (fibularis) brevis (Eversion bringing the inner part of the foot closer to the floor; Inversion is bringing in the lateral part of the foot closer to the floor)

Question 52

What nerves innervates the lateral compartment and what does it insert into?

Answer 52

``` Superficial peroneal (fibular) nerve Inserts on the lateral tuberosity ```

Question 53

What is the blood supply of the lateral compartment

Answer 53

No major arteries in the lateral compartment, but muscular branches arise from the peroneal artery (branches of posterior tibial)

Question 54

What are the spinal cord level of innervation for the lateral compartment?

Answer 54

L5, S1-S2