anatomy - female and male repro system

Question 1

peritonisation of the female pelvis

Answer 1

fold of peritoneum over the GI tract and posterior wall
lies over the rectum forming the rectouterine pouch
over the uterus forming the broad ligament of the uterus
curves over the superior surface of the bladder and back up again
vesicouterine pouch lying in front of the uterus
runs back up the anterio-lateral wall of the abdominopelvic cavity

Question 2

what makes the broad ligament of the uterus

Answer 2

fold of peritoneum

Question 3

what are the 4 ligaments of the uterus

Answer 3

broad
round
ovarian
suspensory

Question 4

what is the female equivalent of the scrotum

Answer 4

labia majoria

Question 5

what does the suspensory ligament contain

Answer 5

vascular supply of the ovary

Question 6

what is the function of the ovarian ligament

Answer 6

fibrous structure

anchors ovary to the lateral walls of the uterus

Question 7

what is the round ligament of the uterus

Answer 7

embryological remnant

Question 8

divisions of the broad ligament of the uterus

Answer 8

mesovarium - near the ovaries
mesosalpinx - near the fallopian tubes
mesometrium - related to the surface of the uterus

Question 9

what is the typical orientation of the uterus

Answer 9

anteversion - whole uterus tilted anteriorly on the cervix
antiflexion - body of the uterus tilted anteriorly

allows for anterior expansion during pregnancy

Question 10

how does the pudendal nerve leave the pelvis

Answer 10

through the greater sciatic foramen
enters the gluteal region
re-enters perineum through the lesser sciatic foramen as obturator internus leaves
now is inferior to the pelvic floor and in the ischio-anal fossa
passes forward to the perineum and external genitalia

Question 11

clinical implications of pudendal nerve path

Answer 11

can be used for obstetric anaesthesia
- pudendal nerve block
trans-vaginally palpate ischial spine and sacrospinous ligament
nerve is posterior to these
safe point to enter anaethesia without risking damage to nerve

Question 12

what is cavernous tissue

Answer 12

different to muscle, nerve etc
blood flow is different to normal capillary beds, blood fills larger spaces
vasodilation causes blocked outflow, increased pressure and turgidity - erectile response
2 types - corpora cavernosa (2), corpus spongiosum (1)

Question 13

what tissue does the urethra pass through in the male

Answer 13

traverses corpus spongiosum through the penis until it exits

Question 14

difference between male and female corpus spongiosum

Answer 14

male - single bulb through with urethra passes

female - 2 bulbs held together by a thin string, urethra exits between them

Question 15

difference between male and female corpora cavernosa

Answer 15

2 much reduced corpora cavernosa in F - called crus of the clitoris
vestibular bulbs lie deep to the labia majora

Question 16

male peritonisation

Answer 16

no uterus
down anterior wall over superior bladder
descends more posteriorly on the bladder just over the seminal vesicles onto the middle and upper 1/3 of rectum (sides and front in upper, front only in middle)
single recto-vesical pouch

Question 17

male urethra

Answer 17

deep perineal pouch surrounds deep transverse perineal muscle

Question 18

what is the shortest, least distensible part of the urethra

Answer 18

membranous

most frequently injured

Question 19

consequences of injury to membranous part of male urethra

Answer 19

if pierced urine will leak into deep perineal pouch
urine is trapped and will damage muscle fibres
can result in non-functional external urethral sphincter