ANATOMY - Fascial Spaces and the Spread of Infection Flashcards

1
Q

what is the Fascia?

A

the sheets of fibrous connective tissue beneath the skin

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2
Q

what are the fascial planes?

A

the sheets of connective tissue generate layers aka planes

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3
Q

what is the fascial space?

A

the volume of tissue and structure between each fascial layer

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4
Q

define communication.

A

the connections between fascial spaces which allow infection to spread

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5
Q

in the head, what are the 5 common sites for initial spread of infection?

A
  1. maxillary sinus
  2. sublingual space
  3. submandibular space
  4. vestibular space
  5. buccal space
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6
Q

what are the 8 spaces for infection to spread?

A
  1. vestibular space
  2. buccal space
  3. lateral pharyngeal space
  4. retropharyngeal space
  5. pterygomandibular space
  6. masticator space
  7. submandibular space
  8. sublingual space
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7
Q

where is the buccinator muscle?

A
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8
Q

what fascia is the buccal muscle covered by?

A

buccopharyngeal fascia

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9
Q

what is the purpose of the buccinator?

A

to keep food bolus on the molars

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10
Q

describe which nearby structures are next to the buccinator muscle

A

pteryogomandibular raphe
superior constrictor

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11
Q

where is the buccinator in relation to the maxillary sinus?

A

more lateral

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12
Q

where is the vestibular space?

A

between the buccinator and oral mucosa in the cheek

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13
Q

describe the structure of the pharynx.

A

superior constrictor
middle constrictor
inferior constrictor

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14
Q

where is the lateral pharyngeal space?

A

top of the neck

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15
Q

what 3 things are the lateral pharyngeal space continuous with?

A

retromandibular space - posteriorly
buccal space - anteriorly
pterygomandibular space - laterally

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16
Q

what can an infection to the lateral pharyngeal space cause?

A

IJV thrombosis
carotid rupture

17
Q

describe where the retropharyngeal space is.

A

posterior to pharynx
between buccopharyngeal and preverterbral fascia
inferior to thorax

18
Q

how can a retropharyngeal abscess be caused?

A
  • bacterial infection from tonsil, throat, sinus and nose
  • HIV
  • TB
  • retropharyngeal lymph nodes
19
Q

how can a retropharyngeal abscess be detected?

A
  • mediastinitis
  • pericarditis
  • cardiac tamponade
  • bronchial erosion
  • airway obstruction
  • spread to carotid sheath
  • spread to prevertrebal fascia and erosion of vertebrae
20
Q

how are retropharyngeal abscesses treated?

A

antibiotics
surgical draining

21
Q

describe where the medial pterygoid is in relation to the mandible and inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle.

22
Q

what are the pterygoid muscles contained within?

A

the infratemporal fossa

23
Q

where is the infra temporal fossa located?

A

mandible - posterior
lateral pyteryogid plate - lateral
styloid apparatus - anterior

24
Q

what does the infratemporal fossa contain?

A

pterygoid muscles
maxillary artery
pteryoid plexus of veins

25
what does the infratemporal fossa communicate with?
zygomatic arch and submandibular space
26
what muscles does the masticator space contain?
masseter temporalis lateral and medial pterygoid
27
what spaces are within the masticator space?
infratemporal fossa pterygomandibular space temporal space
28
what spaces does the masticator space communicate with?
- buccal - lateral pharyngeal - retropharyngeal - submandibular - sublingual
29
where is the submandibular space?
inferior to the mylohoid space
30
what does an infected submandibular space appear as?
swellings in the upper neck
31
where is the sublingual space?
inferior to oral mucosa in floor of the mouth
32
what is Ludwig's Angina? aetiology prognosis cause of death?
from dental infection mandibular molar teeth or tongue piercings lead to gangrenous bacterial cellulitis in submandibular/sublingual space death by airway obstruction
33
give an overview of the fascial spaces