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YR 3 - CSB > ANATOMY - Fascial Spaces and the Spread of Infection > Flashcards

ANATOMY - Fascial Spaces and the Spread of Infection Flashcards

1
Q

what is the Fascia?

A

the sheets of fibrous connective tissue beneath the skin

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2
Q

what are the fascial planes?

A

the sheets of connective tissue generate layers aka planes

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3
Q

what is the fascial space?

A

the volume of tissue and structure between each fascial layer

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4
Q

define communication.

A

the connections between fascial spaces which allow infection to spread

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5
Q

in the head, what are the 5 common sites for initial spread of infection?

A
  1. maxillary sinus
  2. sublingual space
  3. submandibular space
  4. vestibular space
  5. buccal space
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6
Q

what are the 8 spaces for infection to spread?

A
  1. vestibular space
  2. buccal space
  3. lateral pharyngeal space
  4. retropharyngeal space
  5. pterygomandibular space
  6. masticator space
  7. submandibular space
  8. sublingual space
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7
Q

where is the buccinator muscle?

A
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8
Q

what fascia is the buccal muscle covered by?

A

buccopharyngeal fascia

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9
Q

what is the purpose of the buccinator?

A

to keep food bolus on the molars

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10
Q

describe which nearby structures are next to the buccinator muscle

A

pteryogomandibular raphe
superior constrictor

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11
Q

where is the buccinator in relation to the maxillary sinus?

A

more lateral

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12
Q

where is the vestibular space?

A

between the buccinator and oral mucosa in the cheek

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13
Q

describe the structure of the pharynx.

A

superior constrictor
middle constrictor
inferior constrictor

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14
Q

where is the lateral pharyngeal space?

A

top of the neck

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15
Q

what 3 things are the lateral pharyngeal space continuous with?

A

retromandibular space - posteriorly
buccal space - anteriorly
pterygomandibular space - laterally

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16
Q

what can an infection to the lateral pharyngeal space cause?

A

IJV thrombosis
carotid rupture

17
Q

describe where the retropharyngeal space is.

A

posterior to pharynx
between buccopharyngeal and preverterbral fascia
inferior to thorax

18
Q

how can a retropharyngeal abscess be caused?

A
  • bacterial infection from tonsil, throat, sinus and nose
  • HIV
  • TB
  • retropharyngeal lymph nodes
19
Q

how can a retropharyngeal abscess be detected?

A
  • mediastinitis
  • pericarditis
  • cardiac tamponade
  • bronchial erosion
  • airway obstruction
  • spread to carotid sheath
  • spread to prevertrebal fascia and erosion of vertebrae
20
Q

how are retropharyngeal abscesses treated?

A

antibiotics
surgical draining

21
Q

describe where the medial pterygoid is in relation to the mandible and inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle.

A
22
Q

what are the pterygoid muscles contained within?

A

the infratemporal fossa

23
Q

where is the infra temporal fossa located?

A

mandible - posterior
lateral pyteryogid plate - lateral
styloid apparatus - anterior

24
Q

what does the infratemporal fossa contain?

A

pterygoid muscles
maxillary artery
pteryoid plexus of veins

25
Q

what does the infratemporal fossa communicate with?

A

zygomatic arch and submandibular space

26
Q

what muscles does the masticator space contain?

A

masseter
temporalis
lateral and medial pterygoid

27
Q

what spaces are within the masticator space?

A

infratemporal fossa
pterygomandibular space
temporal space

28
Q

what spaces does the masticator space communicate with?

A
  • buccal
  • lateral pharyngeal
  • retropharyngeal
  • submandibular
  • sublingual
29
Q

where is the submandibular space?

A

inferior to the mylohoid space

30
Q

what does an infected submandibular space appear as?

A

swellings in the upper neck

31
Q

where is the sublingual space?

A

inferior to oral mucosa in floor of the mouth

32
Q

what is Ludwig’s Angina?
aetiology
prognosis
cause of death?

A

from dental infection mandibular molar teeth or tongue piercings

lead to gangrenous bacterial cellulitis in submandibular/sublingual space

death by airway obstruction

33
Q

give an overview of the fascial spaces

A

YR 3 - CSB (38 decks)

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