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Nursing > Anatomy Exam 5 > Flashcards

Anatomy Exam 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Enzyme that inhibits the growth of bacteria

A

Salivary Lysozyme

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2
Q

(Stomach Functions)
Secretes mucous, gastric enzymes, HCL acid & hormones that aid in ______

A

Digesting food

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3
Q

(Tonsils of Oropharynx)
located at base of tongue

A

Lingual Tonsils

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4
Q

Air inhaled & exhaled in one breath
(500 ml)

A

Tidal volume

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5
Q

decrease peristalsis

A

Sympathetic nervous system effect

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6
Q

(3 Divisions of Pharynx)
Contains two sets of tonsils

A

Oropharynx

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7
Q

(Structure of Teeth)
Joins crown of tooth to root;
Surrounded by gingiva (gums)

A

Neck of tooth

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8
Q

(Digestion End Products)
Carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharides

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9
Q

Increase peristalsis;
stimulates salivary glands & increases production of saliva

A

Parasympathetic nervous system effect

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10
Q

Enzyme begins Starch digestion;
Moves food to throat for deglutition (swallowing)

A

Salivary Amylase

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11
Q

(Liver Functions)
Regulates ____, _____ & amino acid metabolism

A

Carbohydrate, lipid

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12
Q

(Structure of Teeth)
Main structure of tooth;
Mineralized matrix, similar to bone – hardest substance;
Does not contain living cells

A

Dentin

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13
Q

(Stomach Functions)
Serves as a ______ while food undergoes mechanical & chemical changes & becomes chyme

A

Temporary receptacle

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14
Q

___ is needed for the absorption of iron in the small intestine

A

Vitamin C

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15
Q

During Inhalation, intrapulmonic pressure ____ and air enters the alveoli

A

Decreases

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16
Q

____ and _____ are needed for fluid balance

A

Sodium, potassium

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17
Q

_____ is needed for the production of hemoglobin and melanin

A

Copper

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18
Q

(3 Divisions of Pharynx)
Middle portion;
Lies behind mouth & between palate & hyoid bone

A

Oropharynx

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19
Q

On expiration, diaphragm _____ & _______ decreasing size of cavity

A

Relaxes, moves upward

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20
Q

___ is needed for carbon dioxide transport

A

zinc

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21
Q

Carries most oxygen and will release that oxygen where PO2 is low

A

Hemoglobin

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22
Q

The Larynx lies at the upper end of the _____, just below the _____

A

Trachea, Pharynx

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23
Q

water changing into vapor through heat

A

Evaporation

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24
Q

Lowest cartilage of Larynx body

A

Cricoid cartilage

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25
Q

Are we going to get a high grade on this exam?

A

Yes

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26
Q

___ is needed for blood clotting

A

calcium

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27
Q

(Types of Pyrogens)
___ reactions,
Central nervous system ____
Persons own ____ (endogenous pyrogens)

A

1) Vaccine
2) Diseases
3) Cells

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28
Q

(3 Divisions of Pharynx)
Contains pharyngeal tonsils or adenoids

A

Nasopharynx

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29
Q

Three projections on lateral walls of each nasal cavity;
Purpose is to provide more surface area to warm, moisturize, & filter air

A

Nasal conchae (turbinates)

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30
Q

Made up of skeletal muscle – separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities

A

Diaphragm

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31
Q

Muscle tone increases;
Increase cell metabolism

A

Heat loss

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32
Q

Vocal folds;
Lie directly under false vocal cords

A

True Vocal Cords

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33
Q

(Liver Functions)
Removes ____, ____ & old or damaged RBC’s from blood

A

Pathogens, cellular debris

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34
Q

Constrict skin blood vessels;
Shiver

A

Heat loss

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35
Q

Keep the lungs inflated by creating a pressure that helps to oppose the elastic recoil of the lungs

A

Intrapleural Pressure

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36
Q

Builds simple compounds into needed substances;
Term for Synthesis reactions

A

Anabolism

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37
Q

Largest cartilage of Larynx body;
forms Adam’s apple

A

Thyroid cartilage

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38
Q

Volume of air left in the lungs after the most forceful exhalation

A

Residual Air

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39
Q

(Liver Functions)
Synthesis of ____

A

Plasma proteins

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40
Q

Innervated by branch of vagus nerve = recurrent laryngeal

A

Larynx

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41
Q

(3 Divisions of Pharynx)
Communicates with eustachian tube

A

Nasopharynx

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42
Q

Anterior to the esophagus and inferior to the larynx

A

Trachea (Windpipe)

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43
Q

(Liver Functions)
Manufactures, stores & distributes ___

A

Cholesterol

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44
Q

(Liver Functions)
Regulates ____ volume

A

blood

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45
Q

(Liver Functions)
Produces body ____

A

heat

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46
Q

Occurs when rate or efficiency of breathing decreases;
Carbon dioxide accumulates in body fluids, decreases pH

A

Respiratory Acidosis

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47
Q

high CO2 level (acidosis)

A

Hypercapnia

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48
Q

the energy required to remain alive, to maintain the body at rest

A

Basal metabolic rate

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49
Q

Dilates skin blood vessels;
Stimulate sweat glands

A

Overheating

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50
Q

In response to alkalosis, the kidneys will excrete ___

A

Less bicarbonate

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51
Q

Lies in ventral cavity of body;
Extends in one long tube from mouth to anus

A

Alimentary Tube

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52
Q

(Structure of Teeth)
Exposed part of tooth that is hard, white, & smooth

A

Crown of tooth

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53
Q

Contains cough reflex

A

Larynx

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54
Q

(Structure of Teeth)
Embedded in jawbone

A

Root of tooth

55
Q

___ is needed for blood clotting

A

Vitamin K

56
Q

The pressure within the bronchial tree and alveoli is called ____

A

Intrapulmonic Pressure

57
Q

(3 Divisions of Pharynx)
Upper portion, lies behind nasal cavity & above palate

A

Nasopharynx

58
Q

During swallowing, covers the nasopharynx

A

Epiglottis

59
Q

located in the medulla and pons

A

CNS Respiratory Centers

60
Q

Contains two pair of bands or cords

A

Larynx

61
Q

turns proteins into amino acids

A

Trypsin

62
Q

Oily secretion coating alveolar surfaces

A

Surfactant

63
Q

Covers entrance into larynx, or glottis when swallowing

A

Epiglottis

64
Q

(Tonsils of Oropharynx)
Removed during tonsillectomy

A

Palatine tonsils

65
Q

During exhalation, intrapulmonic pressure ____ and air enters the alveoli

A

Increases

66
Q

Strengthened & held open by 16 to 20 C- shaped rings of hyaline cartilage

A

Trachea (Windpipe)

67
Q

Smallest of air passage ways within lungs

A

Bronchioles

68
Q

The result of acidosis is ___

A

confusion, coma, death

69
Q

a substance, typically produced by a bacterium, which produces fever when introduced or released into the blood

A

Pyrogens

70
Q

Chemical breakdown of food into smaller pieces with more surface area

A

Mechanical digestion

71
Q

Hyaline cartilage prevent ______ or _______ of the trachea

A

Collapse, overexpansion

72
Q

The result of alkalosis is ___

A

Irritability, muscle spasms, convulsions

73
Q

J-shaped pouch lying obliquely in LUQ;
Epigastric, umbilical, & left hypochondriac regions

A

Stomach

74
Q

Liver is located in ___

A

RUQ

75
Q

Conducts air between larynx & lungs

A

Trachea (Windpipe)

76
Q

(Liver location)
Upper convex surface fits under ____ in right hypochondriac & epigastric regions

A

Diaphragm

77
Q

Primary function is storage & concentration of bile

A

Gallbladder

78
Q

turns fat into glycerol & fatty acids

A

Lipase

79
Q

___ is needed for body structure

A

Calcium

80
Q

Purpose is to reduce surface tension in the alveoli & enhance diffusion of gases

A

Surfactant

81
Q

Function is to deliver air to alveoli
(O2 pulled into these on inhalation, CO2 collected by alveoli and released upon exhale)

A

Bronchioles

82
Q

Acts as passageway for air between pharynx & trachea

A

Larynx

83
Q

(Stomach Functions)
Connects _____ to small intestine

A

Esophagus

84
Q

is the first to warm and moisten air

A

Nasal Mucosa

85
Q

Breaks down complex compounds into simpler compounds;
Term for Decomposition reactions

A

Catabolism

86
Q

Body of _____ is formed by three large & prominent cartilages

A

Larynx

87
Q

Air passing through glottis vibrates _____ to produce sound

A

True Vocal Cords

88
Q

Prevents liquids or solids from entering respiratory passages

A

Epiglottis

89
Q

Changes complex food molecules into simpler ones

A

Chemical digestion

90
Q

(Types of Pyrogens)
____, _____,
____ injuries,
____ reactions

A

1) Infection
2) malignancies
3) Brain
4) Toxic

91
Q

Lies posterior to the trachea and anterior to the spine;
Goes through esophageal hiatus (opening) in diaphragm

A

Esophagus

92
Q

___ is needed for muscle contraction

A

calcium

93
Q

Both thyroid & cricoid cartilages protect _______ & ______

A

Glottis, Entrance to trachea

94
Q

Normal body temperature

A

36°C to 38°C
(96.5°F to 99.5°F)

95
Q

____ is needed for synthesis of rhodopsin in the retina

A

Vitamin A

96
Q

depresses synaptic transmission in the central nervous system

A

Acidosis

97
Q

Body loses water from ___, ____, _____ and _____

A

Kidneys, skin, lungs, intestinal tract

98
Q

On inspiration, diaphragm _____, ______, & ________ to enlarge thoracic cavity

A

Contracts, flattens, moves downward

99
Q

sweeps mucous and pathogens toward the pharynx

A

Ciliated Epithelium

100
Q

provides for the continuous exchange of gases

A

Residual Air

101
Q

(Digestion End Products)
Proteins

A

Amino Acids

102
Q

Part of the brain that regulates body temperature

A

Hypothalamus

103
Q

the process of losing heat through the movement of air or water molecules across skin

A

Convection

104
Q

low CO2 level (alkalosis)

A

Hypocapnia

105
Q

the energy content of food

A

Kilocalories

106
Q

turns starch to sugar

A

Amylase

107
Q

(Structure of Teeth)
___ is covered by enamel (hardest & most chemically stable tissue in body) & provides a hard chewing surface

A

Crown of tooth

108
Q

___ and ___ are needed for nerve impulse conduction

A

Sodium, potassium

109
Q

Help prevent foreign bodies from entering glottis;
Protect delicate true vocal cords

A

False Vocal Cords

110
Q

Muscle tone decreases (relaxation)

A

Overheating

111
Q

Lubricating fluid secreted by serous glands;
Reduces friction

A

Serous fluid

112
Q

Air passage from lower end of larynx to carina

A

Trachea (Windpipe)

113
Q

Vestibular folds;
Lie at upper end along sides of larynx

A

False Vocal Cords

114
Q

(Digestion End Products)
Fats

A

glycerol & fatty acids

115
Q

_____ is the stimulus for the respiratory system

A

Amount of CO2 within blood

116
Q

Accumulation in pleural cavity results in collapsed lung of affected side

A

Atmospheric Pressure

117
Q

___ is an antioxidant that prevents destruction of cell membranes

A

Vitamin E

118
Q

(3 Divisions of Pharynx)
Lower portion;
Lies immediately below hyoid bone & above larynx

A

Laryngopharynx

119
Q

(Structure of Teeth)
Contains the blood vessels & nerves

A

Pulp cavity

120
Q

The concentration of dissolved materials in a solution

A

Osmolarity

121
Q

increases synaptic transmission in the peripheral and central nervous system

A

Alkalosis

122
Q

Rate of respiration increases;
Carbon dioxide is rapidly expelled, increases pH

A

Respiratory Alkalosis

123
Q

helps the large intestine absorb vitamins (vitamin K)

A

Normal flora

124
Q

Changes volume & pressure within thoracic cavity on inhalation & exhalation

A

Diaphragm

125
Q

In response to acidosis, kidneys will excrete ___

A

More bicarbonate

126
Q

____ is a pear -shaped, muscular organ found on undersurface of ___ in RUQ

A

Gallbladder, liver

127
Q

(Liver Functions)
Removal of ______ / Detoxifies ______

A

Waste Products, harmful substances

128
Q

___ becomes part of gastric juice

A

chlorine

129
Q

(Liver Functions)
Produces ____

A

Bile

130
Q

Normal respiratory rate

A

12-20 / min

131
Q

Branches or bifurcates into right & left bronchi

A

Trachea (Windpipe)

132
Q

(Stomach Functions)
Produces intrinsic factor required for absorption of vitamin ____

A

B12

133
Q

(Liver Functions)
Stores ____, ____ & fat-soluble vitamins

A

Iron, copper

134
Q

The esophagus begins at lower end of
______ & ends in upper cardiac portion of _____

A

Pharynx, stomach

Nursing (7 decks)

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