Anatomy Exam 5 Flashcards
1
Q
Enzyme that inhibits the growth of bacteria
A
Salivary Lysozyme
2
Q
(Stomach Functions)
Secretes mucous, gastric enzymes, HCL acid & hormones that aid in ______
A
Digesting food
3
Q
(Tonsils of Oropharynx)
located at base of tongue
A
Lingual Tonsils
4
Q
Air inhaled & exhaled in one breath
(500 ml)
A
Tidal volume
5
Q
decrease peristalsis
A
Sympathetic nervous system effect
6
Q
(3 Divisions of Pharynx)
Contains two sets of tonsils
A
Oropharynx
7
Q
(Structure of Teeth)
Joins crown of tooth to root;
Surrounded by gingiva (gums)
A
Neck of tooth
8
Q
(Digestion End Products)
Carbohydrates
A
Monosaccharides
9
Q
Increase peristalsis;
stimulates salivary glands & increases production of saliva
A
Parasympathetic nervous system effect
10
Q
Enzyme begins Starch digestion;
Moves food to throat for deglutition (swallowing)
A
Salivary Amylase
11
Q
(Liver Functions)
Regulates ____, _____ & amino acid metabolism
A
Carbohydrate, lipid
12
Q
(Structure of Teeth)
Main structure of tooth;
Mineralized matrix, similar to bone – hardest substance;
Does not contain living cells
A
Dentin
13
Q
(Stomach Functions)
Serves as a ______ while food undergoes mechanical & chemical changes & becomes chyme
A
Temporary receptacle
14
Q
___ is needed for the absorption of iron in the small intestine
A
Vitamin C
15
Q
During Inhalation, intrapulmonic pressure ____ and air enters the alveoli
A
Decreases
16
Q
____ and _____ are needed for fluid balance
A
Sodium, potassium
17
Q
_____ is needed for the production of hemoglobin and melanin
A
Copper
18
Q
(3 Divisions of Pharynx)
Middle portion;
Lies behind mouth & between palate & hyoid bone
A
Oropharynx
19
Q
On expiration, diaphragm _____ & _______ decreasing size of cavity
A
Relaxes, moves upward
20
Q
___ is needed for carbon dioxide transport
A
zinc
21
Q
Carries most oxygen and will release that oxygen where PO2 is low
A
Hemoglobin
22
Q
The Larynx lies at the upper end of the _____, just below the _____
A
Trachea, Pharynx
23
Q
water changing into vapor through heat
A
Evaporation
24
Q
Lowest cartilage of Larynx body
A
Cricoid cartilage
25
Are we going to get a high grade on this exam?
Yes
26
___ is needed for blood clotting
calcium
27
(Types of Pyrogens)
___ reactions,
Central nervous system ____
Persons own ____ (endogenous pyrogens)
1) Vaccine
2) Diseases
3) Cells
28
(3 Divisions of Pharynx)
Contains pharyngeal tonsils or adenoids
Nasopharynx
29
Three projections on lateral walls of each nasal cavity;
Purpose is to provide more surface area to warm, moisturize, & filter air
Nasal conchae (turbinates)
30
Made up of skeletal muscle – separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities
Diaphragm
31
Muscle tone increases;
Increase cell metabolism
Heat loss
32
Vocal folds;
Lie directly under false vocal cords
True Vocal Cords
33
(Liver Functions)
Removes ____, ____ & old or damaged RBC’s from blood
Pathogens, cellular debris
34
Constrict skin blood vessels;
Shiver
Heat loss
35
Keep the lungs inflated by creating a pressure that helps to oppose the elastic recoil of the lungs
Intrapleural Pressure
36
Builds simple compounds into needed substances;
Term for Synthesis reactions
Anabolism
37
Largest cartilage of Larynx body;
forms Adam’s apple
Thyroid cartilage
38
Volume of air left in the lungs after the most forceful exhalation
Residual Air
39
(Liver Functions)
Synthesis of ____
Plasma proteins
40
Innervated by branch of vagus nerve = recurrent laryngeal
Larynx
41
(3 Divisions of Pharynx)
Communicates with eustachian tube
Nasopharynx
42
Anterior to the esophagus and inferior to the larynx
Trachea (Windpipe)
43
(Liver Functions)
Manufactures, stores & distributes ___
Cholesterol
44
(Liver Functions)
Regulates ____ volume
blood
45
(Liver Functions)
Produces body ____
heat
46
Occurs when rate or efficiency of breathing decreases;
Carbon dioxide accumulates in body fluids, decreases pH
Respiratory Acidosis
47
high CO2 level (acidosis)
Hypercapnia
48
the energy required to remain alive, to maintain the body at rest
Basal metabolic rate
49
Dilates skin blood vessels;
Stimulate sweat glands
Overheating
50
In response to alkalosis, the kidneys will excrete ___
Less bicarbonate
51
Lies in ventral cavity of body;
Extends in one long tube from mouth to anus
Alimentary Tube
52
(Structure of Teeth)
Exposed part of tooth that is hard, white, & smooth
Crown of tooth
53
Contains cough reflex
Larynx
54
(Structure of Teeth)
Embedded in jawbone
Root of tooth
55
___ is needed for blood clotting
Vitamin K
56
The pressure within the bronchial tree and alveoli is called ____
Intrapulmonic Pressure
57
(3 Divisions of Pharynx)
Upper portion, lies behind nasal cavity & above palate
Nasopharynx
58
During swallowing, covers the nasopharynx
Epiglottis
59
located in the medulla and pons
CNS Respiratory Centers
60
Contains two pair of bands or cords
Larynx
61
turns proteins into amino acids
Trypsin
62
Oily secretion coating alveolar surfaces
Surfactant
63
Covers entrance into larynx, or glottis when swallowing
Epiglottis
64
(Tonsils of Oropharynx)
Removed during tonsillectomy
Palatine tonsils
65
During exhalation, intrapulmonic pressure ____ and air enters the alveoli
Increases
66
Strengthened & held open by 16 to 20 C- shaped rings of hyaline cartilage
Trachea (Windpipe)
67
Smallest of air passage ways within lungs
Bronchioles
68
The result of acidosis is ___
confusion, coma, death
69
a substance, typically produced by a bacterium, which produces fever when introduced or released into the blood
Pyrogens
70
Chemical breakdown of food into smaller pieces with more surface area
Mechanical digestion
71
Hyaline cartilage prevent ______ or _______ of the trachea
Collapse, overexpansion
72
The result of alkalosis is ___
Irritability, muscle spasms, convulsions
73
J-shaped pouch lying obliquely in LUQ;
Epigastric, umbilical, & left hypochondriac regions
Stomach
74
Liver is located in ___
RUQ
75
Conducts air between larynx & lungs
Trachea (Windpipe)
76
(Liver location)
Upper convex surface fits under ____ in right hypochondriac & epigastric regions
Diaphragm
77
Primary function is storage & concentration of bile
Gallbladder
78
turns fat into glycerol & fatty acids
Lipase
79
___ is needed for body structure
Calcium
80
Purpose is to reduce surface tension in the alveoli & enhance diffusion of gases
Surfactant
81
Function is to deliver air to alveoli
(O2 pulled into these on inhalation, CO2 collected by alveoli and released upon exhale)
Bronchioles
82
Acts as passageway for air between pharynx & trachea
Larynx
83
(Stomach Functions)
Connects _____ to small intestine
Esophagus
84
is the first to warm and moisten air
Nasal Mucosa
85
Breaks down complex compounds into simpler compounds;
Term for Decomposition reactions
Catabolism
86
Body of _____ is formed by three large & prominent cartilages
Larynx
87
Air passing through glottis vibrates _____ to produce sound
True Vocal Cords
88
Prevents liquids or solids from entering respiratory passages
Epiglottis
89
Changes complex food molecules into simpler ones
Chemical digestion
90
(Types of Pyrogens)
____, _____,
____ injuries,
____ reactions
1) Infection
2) malignancies
3) Brain
4) Toxic
91
Lies posterior to the trachea and anterior to the spine;
Goes through esophageal hiatus (opening) in diaphragm
Esophagus
92
___ is needed for muscle contraction
calcium
93
Both thyroid & cricoid cartilages protect _______ & ______
Glottis, Entrance to trachea
94
Normal body temperature
36°C to 38°C
(96.5°F to 99.5°F)
95
____ is needed for synthesis of rhodopsin in the retina
Vitamin A
96
depresses synaptic transmission in the central nervous system
Acidosis
97
Body loses water from ___, ____, _____ and _____
Kidneys, skin, lungs, intestinal tract
98
On inspiration, diaphragm _____, ______, & ________ to enlarge thoracic cavity
Contracts, flattens, moves downward
99
sweeps mucous and pathogens toward the pharynx
Ciliated Epithelium
100
provides for the continuous exchange of gases
Residual Air
101
(Digestion End Products)
Proteins
Amino Acids
102
Part of the brain that regulates body temperature
Hypothalamus
103
the process of losing heat through the movement of air or water molecules across skin
Convection
104
low CO2 level (alkalosis)
Hypocapnia
105
the energy content of food
Kilocalories
106
turns starch to sugar
Amylase
107
(Structure of Teeth)
___ is covered by enamel (hardest & most chemically stable tissue in body) & provides a hard chewing surface
Crown of tooth
108
___ and ___ are needed for nerve impulse conduction
Sodium, potassium
109
Help prevent foreign bodies from entering glottis;
Protect delicate true vocal cords
False Vocal Cords
110
Muscle tone decreases (relaxation)
Overheating
111
Lubricating fluid secreted by serous glands;
Reduces friction
Serous fluid
112
Air passage from lower end of larynx to carina
Trachea (Windpipe)
113
Vestibular folds;
Lie at upper end along sides of larynx
False Vocal Cords
114
(Digestion End Products)
Fats
glycerol & fatty acids
115
_____ is the stimulus for the respiratory system
Amount of CO2 within blood
116
Accumulation in pleural cavity results in collapsed lung of affected side
Atmospheric Pressure
117
___ is an antioxidant that prevents destruction of cell membranes
Vitamin E
118
(3 Divisions of Pharynx)
Lower portion;
Lies immediately below hyoid bone & above larynx
Laryngopharynx
119
(Structure of Teeth)
Contains the blood vessels & nerves
Pulp cavity
120
The concentration of dissolved materials in a solution
Osmolarity
121
increases synaptic transmission in the peripheral and central nervous system
Alkalosis
122
Rate of respiration increases;
Carbon dioxide is rapidly expelled, increases pH
Respiratory Alkalosis
123
helps the large intestine absorb vitamins (vitamin K)
Normal flora
124
Changes volume & pressure within thoracic cavity on inhalation & exhalation
Diaphragm
125
In response to acidosis, kidneys will excrete ___
More bicarbonate
126
____ is a pear -shaped, muscular organ found on undersurface of ___ in RUQ
Gallbladder, liver
127
(Liver Functions)
Removal of ______ / Detoxifies ______
Waste Products, harmful substances
128
___ becomes part of gastric juice
chlorine
129
(Liver Functions)
Produces ____
Bile
130
Normal respiratory rate
12-20 / min
131
Branches or bifurcates into right & left bronchi
Trachea (Windpipe)
132
(Stomach Functions)
Produces intrinsic factor required for absorption of vitamin ____
B12
133
(Liver Functions)
Stores ____, ____ & fat-soluble vitamins
Iron, copper
134
The esophagus begins at lower end of
______ & ends in upper cardiac portion of _____
Pharynx, stomach
