Anatomy Exam 2 Flashcards
anterior lower leg
tibialis anterior
thumb side of forearm
radial nerve
*narrowing of blood vessels
vasoconstriction
maintains homeostasis, controls autonomic nervous system
hypothalamus
*dilatation of blood vessels
Vasodilation
coordinates voluntary muscle movement *maintains balance and muscle tone
cerebellum
: (two lobes) *Primary sensory cortex for cutaneous senses *Impulses from skin = touch, pain, temperature
parietal
: *Dominates during stressful situations *Heightened mental alertness *^Metabolic rate *^Heart rate & blood pressure *^Respiratory rate & dilated bronchioles *Dilated pupils *Activation of sweat glands *Activation of energy reserves *Reduced digestive & urinary function
Adrenergic receptors
♦ Found on receptor cells of sympathetic nervous system
♦ Bind norepinephrine, epinephrine
sympathetic stimulation
memory storage, reasoning and judgement
cerebrum
flexes leg at knee; extends and rotates thigh at hip
hamstring group
*relays info from spinal cord, cerebral cortex and brain stem to cerebellum- descending tracts
medulla
(two lobes) *Auditory & olfactory center *Wernicke area = speech recognition & meaning of words
temporal lobe
diaphragm, makes it go up and down
phrenic nerve
Middle layer *Resembles a cobweb – made up of web-like connective tissue
arachnoid
plantar flexes foot (tiptoeing); chief muscle of the calf
gastrochemius
-promotes action potential & nerve impulse
excitatory neurotransmitter
Transmits nerve impulses away from CNS to muscles & glands (descending)
motor neuron
supinates the forearm and hand; flexes forearm
bicep
abstract mental illness, voluntary actions
cerebrum
*carries motor impulses to larynx and pharynx; decreases heart rate
vagus nerve
Transmits nerve impulses to spinal cord & brain (ascending)
sensory neuron
carry sensory information and regulate motor activity; relay info from place to place within CNS
interneuron
chest wall
Intercostal nerves
Carries impulses for the sense of smell toward the brain
olfactory nerve
often used as injection site
deltoid
(Hard) Outermost, protective covering of spinal cord & brain
dura mater
in ear – produce ear wax – prevents drying of the eardrum
Ceruminous glands
Carries visual impulses from eye to brain
optic nerve
Excitatory and inhibitory
neurotransmitter
*Motor speech area = Broca area
frontal lobe
stores oxygen
myoglobin
*All nerve tissue outside CNS
peripheral nervous system
*Personality/emotions/intelligence/awareness *Behavior control
frontal lobe
: *secreted by neuron to transmit impulse to the muscle fiber/move muscle
Acetylcholine
: *Dominates during non-stressful situations * –Metabolic rate
*–Heart rate & blood pressure *Constriction of respiratory passages *Constriction of pupils *Stimulation of urination & defecation *^Secretion by salivary & digestive glands *^Motility & blood flow in GI tract – increases peristalsis *^Secretion of hormones to ^ GI absorption
Cholinergic receptors (acetylcholine)
♦ Nicotinic (bind nicotine) on skeletal muscle cells
♦ Muscarinic (bind muscarine, a poison) on effector cells of PNS
parasympathetic stimulation
regulates water balance, sleep cycles, appetite
hypothalamus
point of contact between muscle and nerve cell
synapse
*Longest cranial nerve
vagus nerve
: circulates around brain & spinal cord to:
* Maintain an even pressure
* Act as a cushion & shock absorber
* Physically support the brain
* Transport nutrients & chemical messengers to the cells
of the CNS
* Remove waste products
cerebral spinal fluid
carries sensory impulses for hearing and equilibrium from inner ear to brain
acoustic nerve
regulates pituitary gland, body temp
hypothalamus
Integrates, processes & coordinates sensory stimuli & motor commands
CNS
*Long term memory/Organization and planning *Behavior and emotions
temporal lobe
crossing of motor fibers from cerebrum occurs here- from one side to the other
medulla
(Soft) Innermost, vascular layer *On the surface of the brain and spinal cord *Supplies nutrients & oxygen
pia mater
*relays sensory info to thalamus-ascending tracts
medulla
: posterior side lower limb
sciatic nerve
*Understanding sensory information: size, color, shape, space, distance *Math
parietal
extends leg and flexes thigh
quadriceps femaris
resting tension in a skeletal muscle
muscle tone
*Subarachnoid space contains
CSF
encircles mouth; closes/puckers lips
orbicularis oris
decreases blood pressure, sends more blood to muscles and heart
vasodilation
concerned with emotions
hypothalamus
*largest and most superior part of the brain
cerebrum
*Oily secretion – lubricates skin & hair, prevents drying *inhibits growth of bacteria on the skin surface *waterproofs skin, prevent water loss by evaporation
Sebum
increases blood pressure, slows/blocks blood flow
vasoconstriction
anterior arm along humerus to radius
bicep
raises shoulder and pulls it back; superior portion extends and turns head
trapezius
important for coordination
muscle sense
- changes permeability of sarcolemma & sodium ions rush into sarcoplasm
acetylcholine
: Visual Center; interprets what we see
occipital
depresses action potential & stops impulse
inhibitory neurotransmitter
increases to circulate more blood
heart rate
contributes to muscle fatigue by creating burning sensation *produced in muscle cells/Red blood cells
lactic acid
*Brain & Spinal cord
CNS
posterior neck and upper back to clavicle and scapula
trapezius
increases with exercise to get rid of more CO2
respirations
anterior thigh to tibia
quadriceps femaris
dorsiflexes the foot
tibialis anterior
*most vital part of brain (sustains life) *controls vital functions *respiratory center *cardiac center *vasomotor center
medulla
muscle group with same functions
synergist
muscle group with opposite functions
agonist
muscle ends, has mobility
insertion
abducts arm; synergist
deltoid
muscle begins; does not move
origin
sends message between nerve and muscle
synapse
: Primary motor cortex
*Conscious control of skeletal muscles – voluntary movement
frontal lobe
: Supplies most of organs in thoracic and abdominal cavities
vagus nerve
posterior thigh; ischium and femur to tibia and fabula
hamstring group
*Delivers sensory information to CNS & carries motor commands to peripheral tissue & organ systems
peripheral nervous system
ascending carry impulses to- brain
descending carry impulses to- peripheral nervous system
spinal cord tracts
affects heart rate, breathing, speech,
swallowing, & peristalsis
vagus nerve
covers shoulder joints to lateral humerus
deltiod
posterior leg to calcaneus, inserting by the Achilles tendon
gastrochemius
conscious thought, intellectual function
cerebrum
anterior side of lower limb
femoral nerve
