Anatomy Exam 2 Flashcards by Shana Gontz

anterior lower leg

tibialis anterior

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thumb side of forearm

radial nerve

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*narrowing of blood vessels

vasoconstriction

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maintains homeostasis, controls autonomic nervous system

hypothalamus

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*dilatation of blood vessels

Vasodilation

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coordinates voluntary muscle movement *maintains balance and muscle tone

cerebellum

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: (two lobes) *Primary sensory cortex for cutaneous senses *Impulses from skin = touch, pain, temperature

parietal

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: *Dominates during stressful situations *Heightened mental alertness *^Metabolic rate *^Heart rate & blood pressure *^Respiratory rate & dilated bronchioles *Dilated pupils *Activation of sweat glands *Activation of energy reserves *Reduced digestive & urinary function
Adrenergic receptors
♦ Found on receptor cells of sympathetic nervous system
♦ Bind norepinephrine, epinephrine

sympathetic stimulation

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memory storage, reasoning and judgement

cerebrum

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flexes leg at knee; extends and rotates thigh at hip

hamstring group

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*relays info from spinal cord, cerebral cortex and brain stem to cerebellum- descending tracts

medulla

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(two lobes) *Auditory & olfactory center *Wernicke area = speech recognition & meaning of words

temporal lobe

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diaphragm, makes it go up and down

phrenic nerve

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Middle layer *Resembles a cobweb – made up of web-like connective tissue

arachnoid

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plantar flexes foot (tiptoeing); chief muscle of the calf

gastrochemius

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-promotes action potential & nerve impulse

excitatory neurotransmitter

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Transmits nerve impulses away from CNS to muscles & glands (descending)

motor neuron

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supinates the forearm and hand; flexes forearm

bicep

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abstract mental illness, voluntary actions

cerebrum

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*carries motor impulses to larynx and pharynx; decreases heart rate

vagus nerve

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Transmits nerve impulses to spinal cord & brain (ascending)

sensory neuron

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carry sensory information and regulate motor activity; relay info from place to place within CNS

interneuron

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chest wall

Intercostal nerves

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Carries impulses for the sense of smell toward the brain

olfactory nerve

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often used as injection site

deltoid

(Hard) Outermost, protective covering of spinal cord & brain

dura mater

in ear – produce ear wax – prevents drying of the eardrum

Ceruminous glands

Carries visual impulses from eye to brain

optic nerve

Excitatory and inhibitory

neurotransmitter

*Motor speech area = Broca area

frontal lobe

stores oxygen

myoglobin

*All nerve tissue outside CNS

peripheral nervous system

*Personality/emotions/intelligence/awareness *Behavior control

frontal lobe

: *secreted by neuron to transmit impulse to the muscle fiber/move muscle

Acetylcholine

: *Dominates during non-stressful situations * --Metabolic rate *--Heart rate & blood pressure *Constriction of respiratory passages *Constriction of pupils *Stimulation of urination & defecation *^Secretion by salivary & digestive glands *^Motility & blood flow in GI tract – increases peristalsis *^Secretion of hormones to ^ GI absorption Cholinergic receptors (acetylcholine) ♦ Nicotinic (bind nicotine) on skeletal muscle cells ♦ Muscarinic (bind muscarine, a poison) on effector cells of PNS

parasympathetic stimulation

regulates water balance, sleep cycles, appetite

hypothalamus

point of contact between muscle and nerve cell

synapse

*Longest cranial nerve

vagus nerve

: circulates around brain & spinal cord to: * Maintain an even pressure * Act as a cushion & shock absorber * Physically support the brain * Transport nutrients & chemical messengers to the cells of the CNS * Remove waste products

cerebral spinal fluid

carries sensory impulses for hearing and equilibrium from inner ear to brain

acoustic nerve

regulates pituitary gland, body temp

hypothalamus

Integrates, processes & coordinates sensory stimuli & motor commands

CNS

*Long term memory/Organization and planning *Behavior and emotions

temporal lobe

crossing of motor fibers from cerebrum occurs here- from one side to the other

medulla

(Soft) Innermost, vascular layer *On the surface of the brain and spinal cord *Supplies nutrients & oxygen

pia mater

*relays sensory info to thalamus-ascending tracts

medulla

: posterior side lower limb

sciatic nerve

*Understanding sensory information: size, color, shape, space, distance *Math

parietal

extends leg and flexes thigh

quadriceps femaris

resting tension in a skeletal muscle

muscle tone

*Subarachnoid space contains

CSF

encircles mouth; closes/puckers lips

orbicularis oris

decreases blood pressure, sends more blood to muscles and heart

vasodilation

concerned with emotions

hypothalamus

*largest and most superior part of the brain

cerebrum

*Oily secretion – lubricates skin & hair, prevents drying *inhibits growth of bacteria on the skin surface *waterproofs skin, prevent water loss by evaporation

Sebum

increases blood pressure, slows/blocks blood flow

vasoconstriction

anterior arm along humerus to radius

bicep

raises shoulder and pulls it back; superior portion extends and turns head

trapezius

important for coordination

muscle sense

* changes permeability of sarcolemma & sodium ions rush into sarcoplasm

acetylcholine

: Visual Center; interprets what we see

occipital

depresses action potential & stops impulse

inhibitory neurotransmitter

increases to circulate more blood

heart rate

contributes to muscle fatigue by creating burning sensation *produced in muscle cells/Red blood cells

lactic acid

*Brain & Spinal cord

CNS

posterior neck and upper back to clavicle and scapula

trapezius

increases with exercise to get rid of more CO2

respirations

anterior thigh to tibia

quadriceps femaris

dorsiflexes the foot

tibialis anterior

*most vital part of brain (sustains life) *controls vital functions *respiratory center *cardiac center *vasomotor center

medulla

muscle group with same functions

synergist

muscle group with opposite functions

agonist

muscle ends, has mobility

insertion

abducts arm; synergist

deltoid

muscle begins; does not move

origin

sends message between nerve and muscle

synapse

: Primary motor cortex *Conscious control of skeletal muscles – voluntary movement

frontal lobe

: Supplies most of organs in thoracic and abdominal cavities

vagus nerve

posterior thigh; ischium and femur to tibia and fabula

hamstring group

*Delivers sensory information to CNS & carries motor commands to peripheral tissue & organ systems

peripheral nervous system

ascending carry impulses to- brain descending carry impulses to- peripheral nervous system

spinal cord tracts

affects heart rate, breathing, speech, swallowing, & peristalsis

vagus nerve

covers shoulder joints to lateral humerus

deltiod

posterior leg to calcaneus, inserting by the Achilles tendon

gastrochemius

conscious thought, intellectual function

cerebrum

anterior side of lower limb

femoral nerve