Anatomy Exam 4 Flashcards by Shana Gontz

Lies between left atrium & left ventricle;
permit blood flow in one direction; prevents backflow / regurgitation of blood flow back into heart

Bicuspid, aka Mitral Valve

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(Heart Functions)
Relaxation; the chambers fill with blood & prepare for next cardiac cycle

Diastole

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Artificial measures to cause a person’s immune system to manufacture antibodies;
made with live organisms or ones killed by heat / chemicals

Vaccine

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Blood reaches vital organs by more than one route

Arterial anastomosis

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In the aortic and carotid bodies;
Detect changes in O2 & CO2 concentrations

Chemoreceptors

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All chemical & gas exchange between blood & ISF takes place across

Capillary Walls

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Superior Vena Cava delivers ___ blood to ____ atrium

deoxygenated, right atrium

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Blood within a ventricle that is pumped during systole

Ejection Fraction

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(Antibodies)
Provide resistance against viruses & bacteria;
Enhances phagocytosis, neutralizes toxins

IgG

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Number of times heart beats per minute

Heart rate

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(Antibodies)
Works with basophils to release histamine & accelerate inflammation

IgE

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Protective covering of the outer surface of heart

Serous lining

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Adjusts heart rate, strength of cardiac contractions & flow of blood through peripheral tissues

Medulla

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(lower half of body)
Brings deoxygenated blood from trunk & legs;
Delivers to right atrium

Inferior Vena Cava

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Lies between right atrium & right ventricle;
prevent backflow of blood when heart contracts

Tricuspid Valve

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Contains lymphoid tissue that filters blood; part of lymphatic system;
Also functions as part of circulatory system

Spleen

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(Blood Pressure)
Bottom number, caused by relaxation of heart muscles

Diastolic

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(2 right & 2 left)
Bring oxygenated blood from lungs;
Delivers to left atrium

Pulmonary Veins

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Clumping of bacteria by the attached antibodies; makes them easier for phagocytosis

Agglutination

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____ are the only blood vessel whose walls permit exchange between blood & surrounding interstitial fluid

Capillaries

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(Control of Heart)
Decreases heart rate;
Inhibitory nerve fiber

Parasympathetic Nervous System

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Located in groin region;
Drain lower extremities & external genital organs

Inguinal lymph nodes

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Largest mass of lymphoid tissue in body;
Contains phagocytes & lymphocytes

Spleen

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Returns waste products dissolved in tissue fluid to the blood

Osmosis

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Heart has two sets of motor nerve fibers -One set reaches heart through Vagus nerve & _____, Other set reaches heart through spinal cord & _____

Parasympathetic Nervous System, Sympathetic Nervous System

____ plays key role in immune system development; Lymphoid stem cells in red bone marrow migrate here where production of mature ___ cells occurs from hormone thymosin

Thymus, T Cells

Recognize foreign antigens

Helper T Cells

Semilunar Valves are located at the ___

Exit

_____ transport nutrients & O2 to cells

Capillaries; Capillary Exchange

Inferior Vena Cava delivers ____ blood to ____ atrium

deoxygenated, right atrium

Visceral pericardium; Serous membrane covering outer surface of heart

Epicardium

Carry lymph from lymph capillaries to lymph nodes, also carry from Lymph nodes to lymph ducts

Lymph Vessels

Drain part of head & neck

Cervical lymph nodes

____ movement is caused by breathing & skeletal muscle contractions

lymph

Prevent lymph from flowing backward (Especially vessels in extremities)

Lymph Valves

Normal vessel state

Slightly Constricted

Lies between left ventricle & aorta; prevent backflow of blood into ventricles

Aortic Valve

Body’s defense against infection

T Cells

Cardiac Output in mL/min = ______ X ______

Heart rate x Stroke volume

Produced by the T cells to block viral reproduction

Interferon

(Antibodies) Crosses placenta during pregnancy, mother provides passive immunity to fetus

IgG

(Blood Pressure) Top number, caused by constriction of heart muscles

Systolic

Lies between right ventricle & pulmonary artery; prevent backflow of blood into ventricles

Pulmonary Valve

Lowers blood Vessel diameter; lowers blood flow

Vasoconstriction

(Heart Functions) volume of blood in mL’s ejected from the ventricle with each beat

Stroke Volume

Contracts to decrease heart size & force blood out of chambers

Myocardium

Pulmonary veins deliver ____ blood to ___ atrium

oxygenated, left

carries deoxygenated blood to lungs to be reoxygenated & to remove carbon dioxide

Pulmonary Circulation

(Antibodies) Anti-A & anti-B antibodies responsible for agglutination of cross matched blood

IgM

Localized tissue response to injury, infection, or irritant; Eliminate the cause of the damage & permit tissue repair

Inflammation

_____ pump blood into arteries

Ventricles

Symptoms of inflammation are:

swelling, redness, heat & pain

Direct blood flow in one direction through heart; Prevent back flow / regurgitation of blood; Located at entrance & exit of each ventricle

Heart valves (4 of them)

Pulmonary Circulation: circulation of blood from ____ -> lungs -> ____

right ventricle -> lungs -> left atrium ->

Atrioventricular Valves are located at the ____

Entrance

Located in armpits; serve as way stations for migrating cancer cells; may stop cancer cells or may be site of cancer

Axillary lymph nodes

(Heart Functions) Volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute

Cardiac Output

Process for dissolved nutrients in plasma to be brought to tissues

Filtration

Lymph Vessels carry lymph from lymph nodes to ___

lymph ducts

Slow spread of viral infections by disrupting production of viral infiltration

Interferon

Stimulation of ___ Increases cardiac output & vasoconstriction of arterioles; Increases B/P

Sympathetic Nervous System

(Antibodies) Active in allergic reactions & parasite infections

IgE

Inner tunic (coat) of arteries and veins; Prevents abnormal clotting

Endothelium

Carry deoxygenated blood from the venules and transport it back to the heart

Veins

High blood pressure

Hypertension

(Control of Heart) Increases heart rate; Excitatory nerve fibers

Sympathetic Nervous System

Difference between resting cardiac output and maximum exercise cardiac output

Cardiac Reserve

Causes vasoconstriction, increasing blood pressure

Norepinephrine

lymph movement is ____

slow

Prevent backflow

Valves in Vessels

Decreased blood volume, lowering blood pressure

ANP

(Antibodies) Causes allergic response, drug sensitivities, anaphylaxis, hypersensitivities

IgE

(Antibodies) First antibody secreted after arrival of antigen; found in blood and lymph

IgM

Large nodules in walls of pharynx (for protection); Lymphoid tissue- contain large number of lymphocytes

Tonsils

Carry oxygenated blood away from heart

Arteries

Lymph Vessels carry lymph from lymph capillaries to ___

lymph nodes

Decreases heart rate; Inhibitory nerve fibers

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Muscular wall of the heart - constructed of cardiac muscle tissue; Muscle layer forms atria & ventricles

Myocardium

Lymph Fluids eventually become part of _____

Plasma

Raises Blood Vessel diameter; raises blood flow

Vasodilation

Pacemaker of the heart

SA Node

In the carotid and aortic sinuses; detect Blood Pressure changes

Pressoreceptors

Communication between two arteries or two veins

Anastomosis

five tonsils that form a ring of lymphatic tissue around pharynx

Waldeyer’s Ring

Increases heart rate; Excitatory nerve fibers

Sympathetic Nervous System

Produce antibodies; Large proteins cannot easily pass through capillary walls, so they help prevent fluid from leaking out (plugs)

Plasma

Will adjust cardiac output to maintain adequate oxygen & blood circulation to brain & organs

Medulla

Part of the brain that regulates vessels

Medulla

Tiny, thin-walled vessels that permit exchange between systems; Between blood & cells / between blood & air in lungs

Capillaries

Primary cells involved in protecting body through immune response

Lymphocytes

(Antibodies) Used in determining blood type

IgM

(Antibodies) Largest class of antibodies (75%); found in blood and lymph

IgG

5 tonsils of Waldeyer’s Ring:

Nasopharyngeal = adenoids (one) Palatine tonsils (two) Lingual tonsils (two)

(Heart Functions) Contraction; blood is pushed forward to the next chamber or aorta

Systole

(top half of body) Brings deoxygenated blood from head, chest, & arms; Delivers to right atrium

Superior Vena Cava

Process for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange

Diffusion

Systolic number in blood pressure is a result of ____ of the heart muscles

Constriction

Diastolic number in blood pressure is a result of ____ of the heart muscles

Relaxation

___ are thin walled chambers that receive blood from the veins

Atria (atrium)

____ are thick walled chambers that forcefully pump blood out of the heart

Ventricles

The main artery of the body, supplying oxygenated blood to the circulatory system

Aorta

Heart Rate x Stroke Volume =

Cardiac output in mL/min

Interferon is produced by the ___

T cells