Anatomy Exam 3 Flashcards
1
Q
Responsible for cellular immunity
A
T Cells
2
Q
(Endocrine Glands location)
Middle of brain
A
Pineal gland
3
Q
Migrate to injury sites & release heparin & histamine into ISF;
attracts others of its kind &
eosinophils to area
A
Basophils (less than 1%):
4
Q
Responsible for immune surveillance; destruction of abnormal tissue cells & preventing cancer
A
NK cells (natural killer)
5
Q
Hematocrit decrease seen with ___ & ___
A
Anemia & hemorrhage
6
Q
protein that contains iron
A
Hemoglobin
7
Q
Shaped like almond, depression of frontal bone, in upper outer portion of each orbit;
Produces tears (watery, slightly alkaline); Contain enzyme lysozyme – attacks bacteria & fight infection
A
Lacrimal Gland
8
Q
____ count the different types of leukocytes
A
Blood tests
9
Q
Men hematocrit %
A
42 to 54%
10
Q
receptors in internal ear
A
equilibrium
11
Q
localized near tip of tongue
A
sweet
12
Q
when receptors exposed to a continuous stimulus, receptors adjust so sensation becomes less acute
A
adaptation
13
Q
Requires an external brake to slow it
A
Positive feedback mechanism
14
Q
(Retina parts)
color vision
A
Cones
15
Q
Hearing & equilibrium receptors
(movement of cilia on receptor cells)
- ear
A
Proprioceptors
16
Q
(Endocrine Glands location)
on top of kidneys, like a cap;
at level of 12th rib
A
Adrenals
17
Q
Lingu or glosso = ___
A
Tongue
18
Q
___ do not adapt
A
pain receptors
19
Q
Receptors or hair cells in ______ are in the organ of Corti
A
Cochlear Duct
20
Q
____ is a sign of TB
A
Increased % of monocytes
21
Q
____ stimulates RBC production, and is released from ____
A
Erythropoietin; kidneys
22
Q
Necessary Vitamin for formation of blood clot (prothrombin)
A
Vitamin K
23
Q
(Endocrine Glands location)
hangs beneath hypothalamus
A
Pituitary Gland
24
Q
Stimulus for production of RBC’s
A
Hormone erythropoietin
25
fills vitreous body, area between lens & retina;
helps stabilize shape of eye & gives support to retina;
Is not replaced
Vitreous Humor
26
(Endocrine Glands location)
Behind thyroid glands
Parathyroid glands
27
(Endocrine glands location)
located at forebrain
Hypothalamus
28
balance needed for strong bones & teeth/ Proper function of nerves & muscles
Calcium
29
Universal blood recipient:
type AB
30
____ is a sign of aplastic & pernicious anemia, radiation
Decreased % of Neutrophils
31
Monitor body position – muscle sense
Proprioceptors
32
Attachment site for 6 extrinsic eye muscles;
contains small blood vessels & nerves
Sclera
33
Innermost, incomplete layer of the eye; Found only in posterior part of eyeball, has no anterior portion
Retina
34
receptors on tongue are for
taste
35
needed in sufficient amounts in body (120-150 ug) for Thyroxine and T3 to be produced
Iodine
36
Normal blood pH:
7.35 - 7.45
37
WBC count less than 5,000 cells per mcL of blood
Leukopenia
38
Detect changes in temperature – skin
Thermoreceptors
39
____ is a sign of allergies, parasites, autoimmune disorders
increased % of Eosinophils
40
synthesis of DNA to reproduce
Folic acid & B12
41
Pulls tissue fluid into capillaries to maintain blood pressure
Albumin
42
protect against infection;
Help defend body against invasion by pathogens;
Remove toxins, wastes & abnormal or damaged cells by phagocytosis
WBC's
43
Another name for WBC's are____
Leukocytes
44
Ciliary muscle relaxes
lens flattened, helps distant vision
45
Outermost layer of the eye; tough, white, fibrous protective layer
Sclera
46
Give protection against foreign objects entering eye
Eyelashes
47
localized along sides of tongue
sour
48
Contains its own brake and shutdown mechanism (can turn themselves off);
How most hormones work
Negative feedback mechanism
49
Detect chemicals in solution – gases (oxygen & carbon dioxide)
Chemoreceptors
50
Connect nervous system with our internal & external environment
Sensory Receptor
51
abnormally low level of hemoglobin or RBC’s & impaired delivery of oxygen to tissues
Anemia
52
Attracted to sites of inflammation - release enzymes to reduce inflammation & control spread
Eosinophils (2-4%)
53
Covers white of eye (sclera) extends to cornea
Conjunctiva
54
ABO typed named after:
antibodies on the person’s RBC’s
55
transmits vibrations to the hair cells in the Organ of Corti
Perilymph fluid
56
____, ____, and ____ adapt rapidly
warmth, cold, smell
57
Contracts to change the shape of lens & focusing process
Ciliary Muscle
58
Function of ____ is to transport oxygen with hemoglobin
RBC's
59
Sensory structures formed by taste receptors & epithelial cells;
located in lingual papillae (small nipple like elevations on tongue)
Taste Buds
60
Necessary Vitamins for production of RBC's are ____
Folic Acid & B12
61
(Endocrine Glands location)
Between lungs
Thymus
62
Another name for RBC'S are___
Erythrocytes
63
Hematocrit increase seen with ___
Dehydration
64
affects clotting process;
needed for liver to synthesize prothrombin
Vitamin K
65
Vitamin needed for blood cell production
B Vitamin (Folic Acid)
66
RBC's life span:
120 Days
67
Women hematocrit %
36 to 46%
68
____ enhances inflammation response
Histamine
69
Part of eye that contains photoreceptors called rods and cones for vision
Retina
70
Responsible for hearing
Organ of Corti
71
(Retina parts)
light- sensitive; work in dim light
Rods
72
Part of eye that receives image formed by lens; Structure where light rays come to a focus
Retina
73
Respond to movement (stretch, pressure, vibration) – skin
Proprioceptors
74
Mucous membrane lining inner surface of eyelid;
Transparent & continuous over surface of eyeball
Conjunctiva
75
___ is bound and transported by hemoglobin
O2 in blood
76
Stimulating hormone for production of RBC's released from _____ in response to ______
Kidneys; Decreased O2 levels
77
Blood clots made of ___
Fibrin (framework)
78
Universal blood doner:
type O-
79
Recognize foreign antigens;
Responsible for specific immunity
Lymphocytes (20-30%)
80
abnormal clot in a vessel
Thrombus
81
receptors in eye are for
vision (duh 🙄)
82
WBC count exceeds 10,000 cells per mcL of blood
Leukocytosis
83
deficient number of circulating platelets (most common clotting disorder)
Thrombocytopenia
84
formed in liver, then excreted by the liver and eliminated in fecal matter
Bilirubin
85
____ prevents blood clotting
Heparin
86
______ is when brain does not interpret location of pain accurately, and pin points it to a different region of body
(Only occurs from stimulation of deep structures: Muscles, fascia, joints, tendons or viscera)
Referred pain
87
_____ is a sign of AIDS, steroid or radiation therapy
Decreased % of Lymphocytes
88
Cranial nerve for taste
Facial and glossopharyngeal
89
Percentage of total blood volume composed of RBC’s is called
Hematocrit
90
Specialized cell or nerve ending receiving a stimulus from the body or environment
Sensory Receptor
91
receptors in upper nasal cavities are for
smell
92
Microphage; highly mobile/ first to arrive at wound
Neutrophils (50-70%)
93
Respond to pain
Nociceptors
94
(Endocrine Glands location)
Behind the stomach
Pancreas
95
Microphage;
Important in defense against parasites, flukes, worms
Eosinophils (2-4%)
96
______ is never referred (referred pain)
skin
97
RBC's are engulfed & destroyed by ____ in ____
Phagocytes; liver, spleen or bone marrow
98
localized at back of tongue
bitter
99
Spiral shaped bony chamber resembling a snail;
Filled with perilymph fluid
Cochlea
100
Too much C02:
pH decreases (Acidic)
101
Stimulate RBC production
Androgens
102
Necessary Mineral for formation of blood clots
Calcium
103
receptors in ear are for
hearing
104
Sensitive to allergens - numbers increase during allergic reactions
Eosinophils (2-4%)
105
engulfs pathogens by phagocytosis
Macrophages
106
Anterior portion of the eye; Transparent & lies over iris
Cornea
107
Inhibit RBC production
Estrogen
108
connects middle ear to pharynx
Eustachian tube
109
Receptors for smell – chemicals vaporized in nasal cavity
Chemoreceptors
110
(Endocrine Glands location)
Front of neck; “bow-tie”
Thyroid
111
Receptors that respond to light - retina of eye
Photoreceptors
112
Most important phagocytic macrophage after neutrophils
Monocytes (2-8%)
113
localized at tip of tongue
salty
114
Part of the eye where light waves pass through first;
Obtains oxygen & nutrients from tears
Cornea
115
____ is a sign of chronic infections, mono, lymphocytic leukemia, viral infections
Increased % of Lymphocytes
116
Free macrophage outside blood; goes into tissues;
Very aggressive large cell phagocyte
Monocytes (2-8%)
117
Too little CO2 =
pH increases (Alkaline)
118
Most sensitive part of eye;
Has numerous free nerve endings;
Cannot readily repair itself
Cornea
119
___ is a sign of acute infection, myelocytic leukemia, rheumatoid arthritis
Increased % of Neutrophils
120
Receptors for taste – chemicals dissolved in saliva
Chemoreceptors
121
Ciliary muscle contracts
lens rounded, helps close up vision
122
Hemoglobin from destroyed RBC's retrieved, recycled and stored in ____
Liver
(Phagocytosis)
123
Blood clots synthesized in ____
Liver
124
Responsible for humoral immunity
B Cells
125
Are we gonna get a 100% on this exam?
Yes
