Anatomy Exam 3 Flashcards
Responsible for cellular immunity
T Cells
(Endocrine Glands location)
Middle of brain
Pineal gland
Migrate to injury sites & release heparin & histamine into ISF;
attracts others of its kind &
eosinophils to area
Basophils (less than 1%):
Responsible for immune surveillance; destruction of abnormal tissue cells & preventing cancer
NK cells (natural killer)
Hematocrit decrease seen with ___ & ___
Anemia & hemorrhage
protein that contains iron
Hemoglobin
Shaped like almond, depression of frontal bone, in upper outer portion of each orbit;
Produces tears (watery, slightly alkaline); Contain enzyme lysozyme – attacks bacteria & fight infection
Lacrimal Gland
____ count the different types of leukocytes
Blood tests
Men hematocrit %
42 to 54%
receptors in internal ear
equilibrium
localized near tip of tongue
sweet
when receptors exposed to a continuous stimulus, receptors adjust so sensation becomes less acute
adaptation
Requires an external brake to slow it
Positive feedback mechanism
(Retina parts)
color vision
Cones
Hearing & equilibrium receptors
(movement of cilia on receptor cells)
- ear
Proprioceptors
(Endocrine Glands location)
on top of kidneys, like a cap;
at level of 12th rib
Adrenals
Lingu or glosso = ___
Tongue
___ do not adapt
pain receptors
Receptors or hair cells in ______ are in the organ of Corti
Cochlear Duct
____ is a sign of TB
Increased % of monocytes
____ stimulates RBC production, and is released from ____
Erythropoietin; kidneys
Necessary Vitamin for formation of blood clot (prothrombin)
Vitamin K
(Endocrine Glands location)
hangs beneath hypothalamus
Pituitary Gland
Stimulus for production of RBC’s
Hormone erythropoietin
fills vitreous body, area between lens & retina;
helps stabilize shape of eye & gives support to retina;
Is not replaced
Vitreous Humor
(Endocrine Glands location)
Behind thyroid glands
Parathyroid glands
(Endocrine glands location)
located at forebrain
Hypothalamus
balance needed for strong bones & teeth/ Proper function of nerves & muscles
Calcium
Universal blood recipient:
type AB
____ is a sign of aplastic & pernicious anemia, radiation
Decreased % of Neutrophils
Monitor body position – muscle sense
Proprioceptors
Attachment site for 6 extrinsic eye muscles;
contains small blood vessels & nerves
Sclera
Innermost, incomplete layer of the eye; Found only in posterior part of eyeball, has no anterior portion
Retina
receptors on tongue are for
taste
needed in sufficient amounts in body (120-150 ug) for Thyroxine and T3 to be produced
Iodine
Normal blood pH:
7.35 - 7.45
WBC count less than 5,000 cells per mcL of blood
Leukopenia
Detect changes in temperature – skin
Thermoreceptors
____ is a sign of allergies, parasites, autoimmune disorders
increased % of Eosinophils
synthesis of DNA to reproduce
Folic acid & B12
Pulls tissue fluid into capillaries to maintain blood pressure
Albumin
protect against infection;
Help defend body against invasion by pathogens;
Remove toxins, wastes & abnormal or damaged cells by phagocytosis
WBC’s
Another name for WBC’s are____
Leukocytes
Ciliary muscle relaxes
lens flattened, helps distant vision
Outermost layer of the eye; tough, white, fibrous protective layer
Sclera
Give protection against foreign objects entering eye
Eyelashes
localized along sides of tongue
sour
Contains its own brake and shutdown mechanism (can turn themselves off);
How most hormones work
Negative feedback mechanism
Detect chemicals in solution – gases (oxygen & carbon dioxide)
Chemoreceptors
Connect nervous system with our internal & external environment
Sensory Receptor
abnormally low level of hemoglobin or RBC’s & impaired delivery of oxygen to tissues
Anemia
Attracted to sites of inflammation - release enzymes to reduce inflammation & control spread
Eosinophils (2-4%)
Covers white of eye (sclera) extends to cornea
Conjunctiva
ABO typed named after:
antibodies on the person’s RBC’s
transmits vibrations to the hair cells in the Organ of Corti
Perilymph fluid
____, ____, and ____ adapt rapidly
warmth, cold, smell
Contracts to change the shape of lens & focusing process
Ciliary Muscle
Function of ____ is to transport oxygen with hemoglobin
RBC’s
Sensory structures formed by taste receptors & epithelial cells;
located in lingual papillae (small nipple like elevations on tongue)
Taste Buds
Necessary Vitamins for production of RBC’s are ____
Folic Acid & B12
(Endocrine Glands location)
Between lungs
Thymus
Another name for RBC’S are___
Erythrocytes
Hematocrit increase seen with ___
Dehydration
affects clotting process;
needed for liver to synthesize prothrombin
Vitamin K
Vitamin needed for blood cell production
B Vitamin (Folic Acid)
RBC’s life span:
120 Days
Women hematocrit %
36 to 46%
____ enhances inflammation response
Histamine
Part of eye that contains photoreceptors called rods and cones for vision
Retina
Responsible for hearing
Organ of Corti
(Retina parts)
light- sensitive; work in dim light
Rods
Part of eye that receives image formed by lens; Structure where light rays come to a focus
Retina
Respond to movement (stretch, pressure, vibration) – skin
Proprioceptors
Mucous membrane lining inner surface of eyelid;
Transparent & continuous over surface of eyeball
Conjunctiva
___ is bound and transported by hemoglobin
O2 in blood
Stimulating hormone for production of RBC’s released from _____ in response to ______
Kidneys; Decreased O2 levels
Blood clots made of ___
Fibrin (framework)
Universal blood doner:
type O-
Recognize foreign antigens;
Responsible for specific immunity
Lymphocytes (20-30%)
abnormal clot in a vessel
Thrombus
receptors in eye are for
vision (duh 🙄)
WBC count exceeds 10,000 cells per mcL of blood
Leukocytosis
deficient number of circulating platelets (most common clotting disorder)
Thrombocytopenia
formed in liver, then excreted by the liver and eliminated in fecal matter
Bilirubin
____ prevents blood clotting
Heparin
______ is when brain does not interpret location of pain accurately, and pin points it to a different region of body
(Only occurs from stimulation of deep structures: Muscles, fascia, joints, tendons or viscera)
Referred pain
_____ is a sign of AIDS, steroid or radiation therapy
Decreased % of Lymphocytes
Cranial nerve for taste
Facial and glossopharyngeal
Percentage of total blood volume composed of RBC’s is called
Hematocrit
Specialized cell or nerve ending receiving a stimulus from the body or environment
Sensory Receptor
receptors in upper nasal cavities are for
smell
Microphage; highly mobile/ first to arrive at wound
Neutrophils (50-70%)
Respond to pain
Nociceptors
(Endocrine Glands location)
Behind the stomach
Pancreas
Microphage;
Important in defense against parasites, flukes, worms
Eosinophils (2-4%)
______ is never referred (referred pain)
skin
RBC’s are engulfed & destroyed by ____ in ____
Phagocytes; liver, spleen or bone marrow
localized at back of tongue
bitter
Spiral shaped bony chamber resembling a snail;
Filled with perilymph fluid
Cochlea
Too much C02:
pH decreases (Acidic)
Stimulate RBC production
Androgens
Necessary Mineral for formation of blood clots
Calcium
receptors in ear are for
hearing
Sensitive to allergens - numbers increase during allergic reactions
Eosinophils (2-4%)
engulfs pathogens by phagocytosis
Macrophages
Anterior portion of the eye; Transparent & lies over iris
Cornea
Inhibit RBC production
Estrogen
connects middle ear to pharynx
Eustachian tube
Receptors for smell – chemicals vaporized in nasal cavity
Chemoreceptors
(Endocrine Glands location)
Front of neck; “bow-tie”
Thyroid
Receptors that respond to light - retina of eye
Photoreceptors
Most important phagocytic macrophage after neutrophils
Monocytes (2-8%)
localized at tip of tongue
salty
Part of the eye where light waves pass through first;
Obtains oxygen & nutrients from tears
Cornea
____ is a sign of chronic infections, mono, lymphocytic leukemia, viral infections
Increased % of Lymphocytes
Free macrophage outside blood; goes into tissues;
Very aggressive large cell phagocyte
Monocytes (2-8%)
Too little CO2 =
pH increases (Alkaline)
Most sensitive part of eye;
Has numerous free nerve endings;
Cannot readily repair itself
Cornea
___ is a sign of acute infection, myelocytic leukemia, rheumatoid arthritis
Increased % of Neutrophils
Receptors for taste – chemicals dissolved in saliva
Chemoreceptors
Ciliary muscle contracts
lens rounded, helps close up vision
Hemoglobin from destroyed RBC’s retrieved, recycled and stored in ____
Liver
(Phagocytosis)
Blood clots synthesized in ____
Liver
Responsible for humoral immunity
B Cells
Are we gonna get a 100% on this exam?
Yes
