Anatomy Chapter 4 The Integumentary System

Question 1

The 2 membranes that make up the integumentary system

Answer 1

Cutaneous and Subcutaneous

Question 2

The 6 major functions of the skin

Answer 2

1. Protection against dehydration, microorganisms, UV rays, and organ damage
2. Body temperature regulation (constriction so blod doesn’t reach the surface when dealing with the cold, blood vessels dilate/sweat when dealing with heat)
3. Blood Reservoir (we move blood around to dilate/contract)
4. Excretion (sweat)
5. Sensation (cutaneous nerves feel soft, hard, cold, hot, etc.)
6. Vitamin D Synthesis

Question 3

The largest organ of the body

Answer 3

The Skin

Question 4

When spread out, the skin measures to be ______ sq.ft.

Answer 4

20-22 square feet

Question 5

The epidermis and dermis make up this membrane

Answer 5

Cutaneous Membrane

Question 6

The hypodermis makes up this membrane, and what is this membrane’s function?

Answer 6

Subcutaneous Membrane; to bind skin to the deeper structures

Question 7

What tissue makes up the epidermis?

Answer 7

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Question 8

What tissues make up the dermis layer of skin?

Answer 8

Loose & Dense Connective Tissue

Question 9

90% of your epidermis is made up of ______ which provides ______ to the skin surface.

Answer 9

Keratinocytes; waxy waterproofing

Question 10

Which layer of the epidermis continuously divides, poushing older cells up and away from the blood?

Answer 10

Stratum Basale

Question 11

The epidermis forms what 3 things?

Answer 11

Hair, nails, and glands

Question 12

Melanocytes are found in what layer of the skin? Why are they important?

Answer 12

Epidermis; They give skin color, hair color, & iris color

Question 13

Skin color results from what 3 factors? Which of the 3 give the most color?

Answer 13

Carotene, Blood, and Melanocytes. Melanocytes give the most color.

Question 14

The papillary layer of skin is made up of what kind of tissue?

Answer 14

Areolar (Loose) Connective Tissue

Question 15

What makes up a fingerprint? What determines it’s pattern?

Answer 15

The epidermal ridges which correspond to the dermal papillae. Genetics and movement in the womb are 2 influences of pattern.

Question 16

Name 3 characteristics of the reticular layer.

Answer 16

Contains dense irregular CT, takes up the majority of the dermis, and is the location for most organs.

Question 17

What layer of skin are tattoos injected into?

Answer 17

The dermis

Question 18

The hypodermis is made up of this kind of tissue.

Answer 18

Adipose Connective Tissue

Question 19

What is the main function of the hypodermis?

Answer 19

To connect skin to organs

Question 20

The subcutaneous layer is also known as the ________.

Answer 20

Superficial Fascia

Question 21

Describe First Degree Burns

Answer 21

1. Confined to the supericial epidermis
2. Stimulates dilation of blood vessels (redness/sensitivity)
3. Accessory organs are unaffected

Question 22

Describe a Second Degree Burn

Answer 22

1. Damage to the epidermis and superficial dermis
2. Blistering and much pain (may ooze)
3. Most accessory organs are unaffected

Question 23

Describe Third Degree Burns

Answer 23

1. Damage to epidermis, dermis, and superficial hypodermis
2. Appears charred (may reach the bone)
3. Most accessory organs are damaged
4. Little or no pain

Question 24

What are the 4 general organs of the skin?

Answer 24

Glands, hair, smooth muscle, sensory receptors

Question 25

Name the 2 types of skin glands

Answer 25

1. Oil Glands
   - Sebaceous glands
   - Activated by hormones
   - waterproofing/acne
2. Sweat glands
   - Eccrine (watery sweat, all over body, activated by temp/anxiety)
   - Apocrine (Found in armipit/genitals, smelly, thick secretion)

Question 26

Hair is composed of mainly dead cells, but where on the hair are there still living cells?

Answer 26

At the “bulb” of the hair

Question 27

The smooth muscle attached to the hair follicle is _______.

Answer 27

The Arrectopr Pili Muscle

Question 28

What happens when the cold/ nerves activate your arrector pili muscle?

Answer 28

It contracts, secretes oil, hair stands erect, small mound is formed (goosebumps)

Question 29

Name the disorder of the skin where Melanocytes are slowly destroyed by white blood cells because they mistake them as foreign? (De-pigmentation/discoloration occurs in patches)

Answer 29

Vitiligo

Question 30

Name the 3 types of skin cancer

Answer 30

Basal Cell Carcinoma, Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Melanoma

Question 31

What is the most common type of skin cancer? Where does it arise from?

Answer 31

Basal Cell Carcinoma. Arises from the deepest cells of epidermis

Question 32

What is the 2nd most common skin cancer? Where does it arise from?

Answer 32

Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Arises from superficial cells of epidermis.

Question 33

What is the most dangerous form of skin cancer? Where does it arise from?

Answer 33

Melanoma; Melanocytes