Anatomy Chapter 4 The Integumentary System Flashcards
The 2 membranes that make up the integumentary system
Cutaneous and Subcutaneous
The 6 major functions of the skin
- Protection against dehydration, microorganisms, UV rays, and organ damage
- Body temperature regulation (constriction so blod doesn’t reach the surface when dealing with the cold, blood vessels dilate/sweat when dealing with heat)
- Blood Reservoir (we move blood around to dilate/contract)
- Excretion (sweat)
- Sensation (cutaneous nerves feel soft, hard, cold, hot, etc.)
- Vitamin D Synthesis
The largest organ of the body
The Skin
When spread out, the skin measures to be ______ sq.ft.
20-22 square feet
The epidermis and dermis make up this membrane
Cutaneous Membrane
The hypodermis makes up this membrane, and what is this membrane’s function?
Subcutaneous Membrane; to bind skin to the deeper structures
What tissue makes up the epidermis?
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
What tissues make up the dermis layer of skin?
Loose & Dense Connective Tissue
90% of your epidermis is made up of ______ which provides ______ to the skin surface.
Keratinocytes; waxy waterproofing
Which layer of the epidermis continuously divides, poushing older cells up and away from the blood?
Stratum Basale
The epidermis forms what 3 things?
Hair, nails, and glands
Melanocytes are found in what layer of the skin? Why are they important?
Epidermis; They give skin color, hair color, & iris color
Skin color results from what 3 factors? Which of the 3 give the most color?
Carotene, Blood, and Melanocytes. Melanocytes give the most color.
The papillary layer of skin is made up of what kind of tissue?
Areolar (Loose) Connective Tissue
What makes up a fingerprint? What determines it’s pattern?
The epidermal ridges which correspond to the dermal papillae. Genetics and movement in the womb are 2 influences of pattern.
Name 3 characteristics of the reticular layer.
Contains dense irregular CT, takes up the majority of the dermis, and is the location for most organs.
What layer of skin are tattoos injected into?
The dermis
The hypodermis is made up of this kind of tissue.
Adipose Connective Tissue
What is the main function of the hypodermis?
To connect skin to organs
The subcutaneous layer is also known as the ________.
Superficial Fascia
Describe First Degree Burns
- Confined to the supericial epidermis
- Stimulates dilation of blood vessels (redness/sensitivity)
- Accessory organs are unaffected
Describe a Second Degree Burn
- Damage to the epidermis and superficial dermis
- Blistering and much pain (may ooze)
- Most accessory organs are unaffected
Describe Third Degree Burns
- Damage to epidermis, dermis, and superficial hypodermis
- Appears charred (may reach the bone)
- Most accessory organs are damaged
- Little or no pain
What are the 4 general organs of the skin?
Glands, hair, smooth muscle, sensory receptors
Name the 2 types of skin glands
- Oil Glands
- Sebaceous glands
- Activated by hormones
- waterproofing/acne - Sweat glands
- Eccrine (watery sweat, all over body, activated by temp/anxiety)
- Apocrine (Found in armipit/genitals, smelly, thick secretion)
Hair is composed of mainly dead cells, but where on the hair are there still living cells?
At the “bulb” of the hair
The smooth muscle attached to the hair follicle is _______.
The Arrectopr Pili Muscle
What happens when the cold/ nerves activate your arrector pili muscle?
It contracts, secretes oil, hair stands erect, small mound is formed (goosebumps)
Name the disorder of the skin where Melanocytes are slowly destroyed by white blood cells because they mistake them as foreign? (De-pigmentation/discoloration occurs in patches)
Vitiligo
Name the 3 types of skin cancer
Basal Cell Carcinoma, Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Melanoma
What is the most common type of skin cancer? Where does it arise from?
Basal Cell Carcinoma. Arises from the deepest cells of epidermis
What is the 2nd most common skin cancer? Where does it arise from?
Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Arises from superficial cells of epidermis.
What is the most dangerous form of skin cancer? Where does it arise from?
Melanoma; Melanocytes
