Anatomy - Blood Supply

Question 1

what supplies the medial and superior surface of frontal and parietal lobes

Answer 1

anterior cerebral a.

Question 2

what supplies the lateral surface of frontal and parietal lobes and the superior part of temporal lobe

Answer 2

middle cerebral a.

Question 3

what supplies the occipital lobe and inferior temporal lobe

Answer 3

posterior cerebral a.

Question 4

how do “watershed infarcts” occur

Answer 4

brain ischemia that is localized to the vulnerable border zones between the tissues supplied by the anterior, posterior and middle cerebral arteries

• border zones are susceptible to damage under conditions of sudden systemic hypotension or hypoperfusion

Question 5

what supplies the pyramids

Answer 5

anterior spinal artery

Question 6

what supplies the hypoglossal nucleus

Answer 6

anterior spinal artery

Question 7

what supplies the medial leminscus (ML)

Answer 7

anterior spinal artery

Question 8

what supplies the lateral medulla

Answer 8

PICA

Question 9

what supplies the medial aspect of the pons

Answer 9

paramedian branches of basilar a.

Question 10

what supplies the lateral aspect of pons

Answer 10

long circumfrential branches of basilar a.

and

branches of AICA

Question 11

what supplies the medial portion of the midbrain

Answer 11

anteromedial branches of basilar bifurcation

and

P1 segment

Question 12

what supplies the medial medulla

Answer 12

anterior spinal a.

Question 13

what supplies the cochlear nucleus

Answer 13

AICA

Question 14

what supplies the fasciculus cuneatus, fasciculus gracilis, cuneate nuclei, and gracile nuclei

Answer 14

posterior spinal artery

Question 15

what supplies the inferior and superior colliculus in the midbrain

Answer 15

quadrigeminal artery and P3 segments

Question 16

what supplies the thalamus and medial and lateral geniculate bodies

Answer 16

thalamogeniculate branhces of PCA

Question 17

what supplies the optic tract, hypocampal formation, and part of the internal capsule

Answer 17

anterior choroidal artery

Question 18

what supplies the internal capsule

Answer 18

lenticulostriate arteries

and

anteiror choroidal a.

Question 19

common site for epidural hematomas

Answer 19

pterion or squamous temporal bone

Question 20

sx and tx of epidural hematoma

Answer 20

sx: momentary unconsciousness followed by lucid period of hours to 1-2 days then unconsciousness
tx: surgical

Question 21

what is the source of a subdural hematoma

Answer 21

venous

• usually cortical veins opening into the superior sagittal sinus

Question 22

what is the source of an epidural hematoma

Answer 22

MMA

Question 23

sx and tx of subdural hematoma

Answer 23

sx: slower accumulation of blood due to pressure and often self-limiting
tx: surgical

Question 24

what type of bleed is this

Answer 24

epidural hematoma

Question 25

what type of bleed is this

Answer 25

subdural hematoma

Question 26

what is the source of bleeding in a subarachnoid hemorrhage

Answer 26

anterior cerebral a.

Question 27

sx of a subarachnoid hemorrahge

Answer 27

massive bleeding into CSF compartment due to arterial source - worst headache of patient's life - deteriorating level of consciousness

Question 28

what type of bleed is this

Answer 28

subarachnoid hemorrhage

Question 29

what is an intracerebral (subpial) hemorrhage

Answer 29

bleeding within brain substance (stroke)

Question 30

what is the source of an intracerebral hemorrhage

Answer 30

usually middle cerebral a.

Question 31

related sx to intracerebral hemorrhage

Answer 31

hypertension - degenerative arterial disease on autopsy

Question 32

what type of bleed is this

Answer 32

intracerebral hemorrhage

Question 33

where do subfalcine herniations occur (also called cingulate, falcine, or falx)

Answer 33

in the supratentorial compartment | (above tentorium cerebelli)

Question 34

what does a subfalcine herniation cause

Answer 34

displacement of brain tissue under the falx cerebri - may compress anterior cerebral a. affecting motor/sensory in lower extremity

Question 35

what is the pathology

Answer 35

subfalcine herniation

Question 36

what does a transtentorial (central) herniation cause

Answer 36

displacement of brain downward toward tentorial notch - compromises the upper brainstem and CN 3 - may compress basilar a. and PCA - decorticate and decerebrate rigidity

Question 37

what does an uncal herniation cause

Answer 37

extrusion of parahippocampal gyrus and uncus over edge of tentorium cerebelli and through tentorial notch --\> impingement on midbrain

Question 38

what does a tonsillar herniation cause

Answer 38

the cerebellar tonsils go through the foramen magnum - compression of medulla and upper cervical spinal cord

Question 39

damage to CN V can be caused from aneurism of what vessel

Answer 39

superior cerebellar a.

Question 40

damage to CN 2 can be caused from aneurism of what vessels

Answer 40

internal carotid anterior communicating anterior cerebral

Question 41

damage to CN VII can be caused from aneurism of what vessel

Answer 41

AICA

Question 42

damage to CN VI can be caused from aneurism of what vessels

Answer 42

labyrinthine a. AICA

Question 43

damage to CN 3 can be caused from aneurism of what vessels

Answer 43

superior cerebellar a. posterior cerebal a. posterior communicating a.

Question 44

label

Answer 44

Question 45

label the parts of the internal carotid

Answer 45

Question 46

label the parts of the vertebral a.

Answer 46

Question 47

label internal carotid, parts of the ACA, and the MCA

Answer 47

Question 48

label parts of internal carotid, parts of MCA, and parts of ACA

Answer 48