Anatomy - Blood Supply Flashcards
what supplies the medial and superior surface of frontal and parietal lobes
anterior cerebral a.
what supplies the lateral surface of frontal and parietal lobes and the superior part of temporal lobe
middle cerebral a.
what supplies the occipital lobe and inferior temporal lobe
posterior cerebral a.
how do “watershed infarcts” occur
brain ischemia that is localized to the vulnerable border zones between the tissues supplied by the anterior, posterior and middle cerebral arteries
- border zones are susceptible to damage under conditions of sudden systemic hypotension or hypoperfusion
what supplies the pyramids
anterior spinal artery
what supplies the hypoglossal nucleus
anterior spinal artery
what supplies the medial leminscus (ML)
anterior spinal artery
what supplies the lateral medulla
PICA
what supplies the medial aspect of the pons
paramedian branches of basilar a.
what supplies the lateral aspect of pons
long circumfrential branches of basilar a.
and
branches of AICA
what supplies the medial portion of the midbrain
anteromedial branches of basilar bifurcation
and
P1 segment
what supplies the medial medulla
anterior spinal a.
what supplies the cochlear nucleus
AICA
what supplies the fasciculus cuneatus, fasciculus gracilis, cuneate nuclei, and gracile nuclei
posterior spinal artery
what supplies the inferior and superior colliculus in the midbrain
quadrigeminal artery and P3 segments
what supplies the thalamus and medial and lateral geniculate bodies
thalamogeniculate branhces of PCA
what supplies the optic tract, hypocampal formation, and part of the internal capsule
anterior choroidal artery
what supplies the internal capsule
lenticulostriate arteries
and
anteiror choroidal a.
common site for epidural hematomas
pterion or squamous temporal bone
sx and tx of epidural hematoma
sx: momentary unconsciousness followed by lucid period of hours to 1-2 days then unconsciousness
tx: surgical
what is the source of a subdural hematoma
venous
- usually cortical veins opening into the superior sagittal sinus
what is the source of an epidural hematoma
MMA
sx and tx of subdural hematoma
sx: slower accumulation of blood due to pressure and often self-limiting
tx: surgical
what type of bleed is this
epidural hematoma
what type of bleed is this
subdural hematoma
what is the source of bleeding in a subarachnoid hemorrhage
anterior cerebral a.
sx of a subarachnoid hemorrahge
massive bleeding into CSF compartment due to arterial source
- worst headache of patient’s life
- deteriorating level of consciousness
what type of bleed is this
subarachnoid hemorrhage
what is an intracerebral (subpial) hemorrhage
bleeding within brain substance (stroke)
what is the source of an intracerebral hemorrhage
usually middle cerebral a.
related sx to intracerebral hemorrhage
hypertension
- degenerative arterial disease on autopsy
what type of bleed is this
intracerebral hemorrhage
where do subfalcine herniations occur
(also called cingulate, falcine, or falx)
in the supratentorial compartment
(above tentorium cerebelli)
what does a subfalcine herniation cause
displacement of brain tissue under the falx cerebri
- may compress anterior cerebral a. affecting motor/sensory in lower extremity
what is the pathology
subfalcine herniation
what does a transtentorial (central) herniation cause
displacement of brain downward toward tentorial notch
- compromises the upper brainstem and CN 3
- may compress basilar a. and PCA
- decorticate and decerebrate rigidity
what does an uncal herniation cause
extrusion of parahippocampal gyrus and uncus over edge of tentorium cerebelli and through tentorial notch
–> impingement on midbrain
what does a tonsillar herniation cause
the cerebellar tonsils go through the foramen magnum
- compression of medulla and upper cervical spinal cord
damage to CN V can be caused from aneurism of what vessel
superior cerebellar a.
damage to CN 2 can be caused from aneurism of what vessels
internal carotid
anterior communicating
anterior cerebral
damage to CN VII can be caused from aneurism of what vessel
AICA
damage to CN VI can be caused from aneurism of what vessels
labyrinthine a.
AICA
damage to CN 3 can be caused from aneurism of what vessels
superior cerebellar a.
posterior cerebal a.
posterior communicating a.
label
label the parts of the internal carotid
label the parts of the vertebral a.
label internal carotid, parts of the ACA, and the MCA
label parts of internal carotid, parts of MCA, and parts of ACA
