Anatomy 8: PNS

Question 1

What is the difference between Schwann cell and Oligodendrocyte?

Answer 1

Schwann cells- PNS

Oligodendrocyte- CNS

Question 2

Give an example of a multi-polar neurone

Answer 2

Skeletal muscle
ANS
Cell body in CNS

Question 3

Give an example of a unipolar neurone

Answer 3

Sensory- dorsal root ganglion

Cell body in PNS

Question 4

What is the difference between a nucleus and ganglion?

Answer 4

Nucleus= CNS
Ganglion= PNS

Question 5

What is the difference between a bundle of axons in a tract and a nerve?

Answer 5

Tract= CNS
Nerve= PNS

Question 6

What are some of the rules of spinal nerve anatomy?

Answer 6

Spinal nerves supply the soma

Located only within the intervertebral foramina

From the intervertebral foramina they connect with: structures of the soma via rami

Question 7

Where are the spinal nerves located in relation to the vertebrae?

Answer 7

Cervical nerves located ABOVE vertebrae

C8 and T, L, S nerves are located BELOW the vertebrae

Question 8

Where do sensory and motor spinal nerves pass?

Answer 8

Sensory: posterior root and rootlets

Motor: anterior root and rootlets

Question 9

What is a myotome?

Answer 9

The myotome of each spinal nerve is the skeletal muscles supplied with motor innervation by both the anterior and posterior rami of that spinal nerve

Question 10

Where does the T9 Myotome supply?

Answer 10

The intercostal muscles of approx the 8-10th intercostal spaces AND some of the anterolateral abdominal wall muscles

Question 11

Which segments have lateral horns?

Answer 11

T1-L2

Question 12

What is the pre and post synaptic sympathetic axons to the heart?

Answer 12

Pre-synaptic axons synapse in T1 or cervical paravertebral vertebrae

Post-Synaptic axons: pass in cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves to SAN, AVN and Myocardium

Question 13

What is the pre and post synaptic sympathetic axons to the lungs?

Answer 13

Pre-Synaptic axons synapse in upper thoracic paravertebral ganglia

Post-Synaptic pass in cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves to the bronchiolar smooth muscle and mucous glands

Question 14

What is the pre and post synaptic sympathetic axons to the Abdominopelvic organs?

Answer 14

Pre-synaptic axons in one of the pre vertebral ganglia:

celiac ganglion, superior mesenteric

Question 15

What is the pre and post synaptic sympathetic axons to the adrenal medulla?

Answer 15

Pre-synaptic axons pass through the aorticorenal ganglion to synapse directly not the adrenaline/Nor secreting cells

Question 16

What are Horner’s Syndrome features?

Answer 16

Ipsilateral ptosis (no sympathetic stimulation of Levator Palpebral Superioris)

Ipsilateral mitosis (pinpoint pupil)

Reduced sweating of ipsilateral facial skin

Question 17

What is the pre and post synaptic parasympathetic axons?

Answer 17

-Pre-synaptic are all via CNs

Ciliary ganglion to eye

Parasympathetic ganglia in head to lacrimal and salivary glands

Vagus nerve to organs of neck, chest and abdomen

Sacral spin nerve to hindgut, pelvis and perineum