Anatomy 2: Female Repro Anatomy and Breast

Question 1

Which parts of the Female Repro System lie within the Pelvic Cavity?

Answer 1

• Ovaries
• Uterine tubes
• Uterus
• Superior part of vagina

Question 2

Which parts of the Female Repro System lie within the Perineum?

Answer 2

• Inferior part of the vagina
• Perineal muscles
• Bartholin’s glands
• Clitoris
• Labia

Question 3

What are the pouches which the female peritoneum form?

Answer 3

Vesico-uterine

Recto-uterine (Pouch of Douglas)

Question 4

How can fluid in the pouch of Douglas be drained?

Answer 4

Via a needle passed through the posterior fornix of the vagina

Question 5

What are the features of the Broad Ligament of the Ovary?

Answer 5

• Double layer of peritoneum
• Extends between the uterus and the lateral walls and floor of the pelvis
• Helps maintain the uterus in its correct midline position
• Contains within it the uterine tubes and the (proximal part of) the round ligament

Question 6

What are the features of the Round Ligament of the Ovary?

Answer 6

• An embryological remnant
• Attaches to the lateral aspect of the uterus
• Passes through the deep inguinal ring to attach to the superficial tissue of the female perineum (labia majoris)
• Proximally is contained within the broad ligament

Question 7

What are the 3 layers of the body of the uterus?

Answer 7

Perimetric
Myometrium
Endometrium

Question 8

What are the 3 layers of support of the uterus?

Answer 8

• Number of strong ligaments
• Endopelvic fascia
• Muscles of the pelvic floor

Question 9

What is the position of the uterus?

Answer 9

Anteverted

Anteflexed

Question 10

What is meant by Anteverted?

Answer 10

Cervix is tipped anteriorly relative to the axis of the vagina

Question 11

What is meant by Anteflexed?

Answer 11

Uterus is tipped anteriorly relative to the axis of the cervix

Question 12

What is the movement of the ovaries from in the womb to birth?

Answer 12

Develop on the posterior abdominal wall and move onto the lateral wall of the pelvis
Round ligament of the uterus

Question 13

What meant by the perineum?

Answer 13

A shallow space between pelvic diaphragm and the skin

Question 14

What are the contents of the perineum?

Answer 14

The distal ends of the pelvic organs passing to the exterior, the external genitalia, perineal muscles and the blood and nerve supply venous and lymphatic drainage to all the contents

Question 15

What supplies the levator ani muscle?

Answer 15

The nerve to levator ani

S3,4,5

Question 16

What is the perineal body?

Answer 16

• Bundle of collagenous and elastic tissue into which the perineal muscles attach
• Important to pelvic floor strength
• Can be disrupted during labour
• Just deep to the skin

Question 17

Where does the bed of breast extend?

Answer 17

From ribs 2-6

Question 18

Where does most lymph from the breast drain (>75%)?

Answer 18

To the ipsilateral parasternal lymph nodes and then to supraclavicular

Question 19

Where does lymph from the inner breast quadrants drain to?

Answer 19

The ipsilateral (or contralateral) parasternal lymph nodes (and then to supraclavicular nodes)

Question 20

Where can lymph from the lower inner breast quadrants drain to?

Answer 20

Abdominal lymph nodes

Question 21

Where can lymph from the upper limb also drain to?

Answer 21

The axillary lymph nodes

Question 22

What is level I axillary nodes clearance?

Answer 22

Inferior and lateral to pectoralis minor

Question 23

What is level II axillary nodes clearance?

Answer 23

Deep to pectoralis major

Question 24

What is level III axillary nodes clearance?

Answer 24

Superior and medial to pectoralis minor

Question 25

What is the venous drainage of the vagina and urethra?

Answer 25

Via the vaginal plexus, draining to the internal iliac veins