Anatomy 2: Female Repro Anatomy and Breast Flashcards
Which parts of the Female Repro System lie within the Pelvic Cavity?
- Ovaries
- Uterine tubes
- Uterus
- Superior part of vagina
Which parts of the Female Repro System lie within the Perineum?
- Inferior part of the vagina
- Perineal muscles
- Bartholin’s glands
- Clitoris
- Labia
What are the pouches which the female peritoneum form?
Vesico-uterine
Recto-uterine (Pouch of Douglas)
How can fluid in the pouch of Douglas be drained?
Via a needle passed through the posterior fornix of the vagina
What are the features of the Broad Ligament of the Ovary?
- Double layer of peritoneum
- Extends between the uterus and the lateral walls and floor of the pelvis
- Helps maintain the uterus in its correct midline position
- Contains within it the uterine tubes and the (proximal part of) the round ligament
What are the features of the Round Ligament of the Ovary?
- An embryological remnant
- Attaches to the lateral aspect of the uterus
- Passes through the deep inguinal ring to attach to the superficial tissue of the female perineum (labia majoris)
- Proximally is contained within the broad ligament
What are the 3 layers of the body of the uterus?
Perimetric
Myometrium
Endometrium
What are the 3 layers of support of the uterus?
- Number of strong ligaments
- Endopelvic fascia
- Muscles of the pelvic floor
What is the position of the uterus?
Anteverted
Anteflexed
What is meant by Anteverted?
Cervix is tipped anteriorly relative to the axis of the vagina
What is meant by Anteflexed?
Uterus is tipped anteriorly relative to the axis of the cervix
What is the movement of the ovaries from in the womb to birth?
Develop on the posterior abdominal wall and move onto the lateral wall of the pelvis
Round ligament of the uterus
What meant by the perineum?
A shallow space between pelvic diaphragm and the skin
What are the contents of the perineum?
The distal ends of the pelvic organs passing to the exterior, the external genitalia, perineal muscles and the blood and nerve supply venous and lymphatic drainage to all the contents
What supplies the levator ani muscle?
The nerve to levator ani
S3,4,5
What is the perineal body?
- Bundle of collagenous and elastic tissue into which the perineal muscles attach
- Important to pelvic floor strength
- Can be disrupted during labour
- Just deep to the skin
Where does the bed of breast extend?
From ribs 2-6
Where does most lymph from the breast drain (>75%)?
To the ipsilateral parasternal lymph nodes and then to supraclavicular
Where does lymph from the inner breast quadrants drain to?
The ipsilateral (or contralateral) parasternal lymph nodes (and then to supraclavicular nodes)
Where can lymph from the lower inner breast quadrants drain to?
Abdominal lymph nodes
Where can lymph from the upper limb also drain to?
The axillary lymph nodes
What is level I axillary nodes clearance?
Inferior and lateral to pectoralis minor
What is level II axillary nodes clearance?
Deep to pectoralis major
What is level III axillary nodes clearance?
Superior and medial to pectoralis minor
