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3rd Year Summary > Anatomy 4: O&G Incisions > Flashcards

Anatomy 4: O&G Incisions Flashcards

1
Q

Where do the External Obliques attach?

A

Between the lower ribs and iliac crest, pubic tubercle and linea alba

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2
Q

Where do the Internal Obliques attach?

A

Between the lower ribs, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest and linea alba

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3
Q

Where do the Transverse Abdominis attach?

A

Between the lower ribs, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest and linea alba

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4
Q

Where does the Linea Alba run from?

A

The xiphoid process to the pubic symphysis

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5
Q

Where is the rectus sheath?

A

Immediately deep to superficial fascia

Combined aponeuroses of anterolateral abdominal wall muscles

Surrounds rectus abdominis muscles

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6
Q

What is cut through in a supra-pubic incision from LSCS?

A

Anterior Rectus Sheath

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7
Q

What are the nerve supply to the anterolateral abdominal wall?

A
  • Enters from lateral direction

- 7-11th intercostal nerves become the thoracoabdominal nerves

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8
Q

T12 nerve?

A

Subcostal

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9
Q

L1 nerves?

A

Iliohypogastric

Ilioinguinal

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10
Q

What is the blood supply to the anterior abdominal wall?

A

Superior epigastric arteries

Inferior epigastric arteries

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11
Q

What are the features of Superior Epigastric arteries?

A
  • Continuation of internal thoracic
  • Emerges at superior aspect of abdominal wall
  • Lies posterior to rectus abdominis
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12
Q

What are the features of Inferior Epigastric arteries?

A
  • Branch of external iliac artery
  • Emerges at inferior aspect of abdominal wall
  • Lies posterior to rectus abdominis
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13
Q

What is the blood supply to the lateral abdominal wall?

A
  • Intercostal and subcostal arteries
  • Continuations of posterior intercostal arteries
  • Emerge at lateral aspect
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14
Q

Are the rectus muscles cut in a LSCS?

A

No

Separated from each other in a lateral direction

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15
Q

What are the layers incised through in a LSCS?

A 
Skin and fascia
Anterior Rectus Sheath
Rectus abdominis 
Fascia and peritoneum
Retract bladder
Uterine wall 
Amniotic sac
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16
Q

What are the layers stitched closed in a LSCS?

A

Uterine wall
Rectus Sheath
Fascia
Skin

17
Q

What are the layers opened in a laparotomy?

A

Skin and fascia
Linea Alba
Peritoneum

18
Q

What are the layers to stitch closed in a Laparotomy?

A

Peritoneum and linea alba
Fascia
Skin

19
Q

A midline incision is “relatively bloodless”, why is this significant?

A
  • Can mean that the healing is notes good

- Increases the chance of wound complications e.g. incisional hernia

20
Q

Where are the incisions made in a Laparoscopy?

A
  • A sub-umbilical incision may be all that is required

- 2 lateral ports

21
Q

What must be avoided if inserting a lateral port in for a laparoscopy?

A

Care must be taken to avoid the inferior epigastric artery

22
Q

What os the Inferior Epigastric artery a branch of?

A

The external iliac artery

23
Q

Where does the Inferior Epigastric Artery emerge?

A

Just medial to the deep inguinal ring

Then passes in a superomedial direction posterior to the rectus abdominis

24
Q

When can the uterine fundus be palpated?

A

Only when it arises out of the pelvis at 12weeks gestation

25
Q

Where does the inferior epigastric artery run from?

A

Ascends from just superior to the inguinal ligament to run in a medial direction behind the rectus muscle

26
Q

What is the Pyramidalis?

A

A small triangular muscle which arises from the anterior surface of the pubis and is inserted into the linea alba
It is absent in 20% of people

27
Q

What is the name of the hormone which causes the ligaments of the pelvis to stretch to allow childbirth?

A

Relaxin

28
Q

Where is the arcuate line?

A

About half-way between the umbilicus and the pubic symphysis, the posterior sheath stops and all the aponeurosis pass anterior to the rectus abdominis

29
Q

What are the 2 layers of the superficial fascia?

A

Camper’s fascia (superficial)

Scarpa’s fascia (deep)

30
Q

What is Scarpa’s fascia called when it extends into the penis and scrotum (labia in the female)?

A

Colles fascia

3rd Year Summary (17 decks)

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