Anatomy 5: Urinary Incontinence and Prolapse Flashcards
What are the 3 components which made up the pelvic floor?
Pelvic diaphragm
Muscles of perineal pouches
Perineal membrane
What are the two groups of muscles which make up the pelvic diaphragm?
Levator ani
Coccygeus
What passes through the pelvic diaphragm?
Urogenital hiatus
Passage for urethra and vagina
What are the 3 parts of the levator ani?
Puborectalis
Pubococcygeus
Iliococcygeus
Where does the Levator Ani attach?
- Pubic bones, ischial spines and tendinous arch of levator ani
- Perineal body, coccyx and walls or organs in midline
What innervates the levator ani?
Pudendal nerve (S2,3,4) Nerve to Levator Ani (S3,4,5)
What are the supporting ligaments/fascia of the pelvic organs?
Endo-pelvic fascia
Pelvic ligaments
What are the Pelvic Ligaments?
- Fibrous Endo-pelvic fascia
- Uterosacral
- Transverse cervical
- Lateral ligament of bladder
- Lateral rectal ligament
Where is the deep perineal pouch?
Lies below the fascia covering the inferior aspect of the pelvic diaphragm
Lies above the perineal membrane
What does the Deep Perineal Pouch contain?
- Part of the urethra (and vagina in females)
- Bulbourethral glands in males
- Neuromuscular bundle for penis/clitoris
- Extensions of the ischioanal fat pads and muscles
What is the difference between the deep transverse perineal muscle in the males and females?
In males there is the bulbourethral gland
In females, just smooth muscle
Where is the location of the perineal membrane?
Superficial to the deep perineal pouch
Thin sheet of tough, deep facia
Attaches laterally to the sides of the pubic arch, closing the urogenital triangle
What are the features of the Perineal Membrane?
Opening for the urethra (and vagina in females)
Together with the perineal body, it is the last passive support of the pelvic organs)
Where is the location of the superficial Perineal Pouch?
-Lies below the perineal membrane
What makes up the superficial perineal pouch in males?
Contains the root of the penis:
- Bulb (corpus spongiosum and corpus cavernousum)
- Associated muscles (bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus)