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Alimentary System > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the surface anatomy of the liver?

A

Lies deep to ribs 7-11, 1cm below right costal margin

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2
Q

What is the surface anatomy of the gallbladder?

A

9th costal cartilage, right mid clavicular line

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3
Q

What is the surface anatomy of the stomach?

A

The fundus of the stomach lies 5th left rib at mid clavicular line

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4
Q

What is the surface anatomy of the pancreas?

A

Neck of the pancreas lies at L1/2 in transpyloric plane

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5
Q

What are four muscles of the abdomen?

A

External Oblique
Internal Oblique
Transversus Abdominis
Rectus Abdominis

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6
Q

What nerves innervates the four muscles of the abdomen?

A

Ventral Rami of T7-T11
Subcostal nerves
Transversus abdominis supplied by L1 nerve

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7
Q

Which two bony landmarks is the inguinal canal attached to?

A

Anterior Iliac Spine

Pubic Tubercle

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8
Q

What makes up the walls, roof and floor of the inguinal canal?

A

Anterior wall-aponeurosis of external oblique
Posterior Wall-transversalis fascia
Roof-aponeurosis
Floor-inguinal ligament

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9
Q

Which ring of the inguinal canal is superior?

A

Superficial inguinal ring is inferior to deep inguinal ring

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10
Q

What are the contents of the inguinal canal?

A

Spermatic cord or round ligament of uterus
Iliolingual nerve
Lymphatic vessels

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11
Q

What epithelium does the oesophagus have?

A

Non keratinised stratified squamous epithelium.

Has mucous glands in the submucosa

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12
Q

Describe the histology of the stomach?

A

Parietal cells at the top stain pink with chief cells at the base.
Simple columnar epithelium
3 layers of muscularis externa
Gastric glands in the mucosa

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13
Q

How can you tell the difference between the parts of the small intestine histologically?

A

They all have villi and simple columnar epithelium
Duodenum has brunners glands in the submucosa
The ileum has lots of peyer’s patches
Jejenum has lack of glands and peyer’s patches.

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14
Q

Where are the two omental sacs located and through what do they communicate?

A

Greater sac is anterior to stomach and lesser sac is posterior to stomach. Communicate through epiploic foramen.

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15
Q

Name three ligaments formed from the greater omentum

A

Gastrophrenic ligament-goes from greater curve of stomach to diaphragm
Gastrosplenic ligament-goes form greater curve of stomach to spleen
Gastrocolic ligament-goes from greater curve of stomach to transverse colon.

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16
Q

Name two ligaments formed by the lesser omentum

A

Gastrohepatic ligament-goes from lesser curve of stomach to the liver
Hepatoduodenal ligament-goes from duodenum to the liver

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17
Q

Which layer of peritoneum is sensitive to pain, pressure or cold?

A

Parietal layer

18
Q

What organs are intraperitoneal?

A

Spleen
Stomach
Transverse colon
Sigmoid colon

19
Q

What organs are retroperitoneal?

A 
Kidneys
Duodenum
Pancreas
Caecum
Abdominal part of oesophagus
20
Q

What makes up the infracolic compartment?

A

Right and left paracolic gutters

Right and left infracolic spaces

21
Q

What nerves innervate the parietal and visceral peritoneum?

A

T7-12 spinal nerves and L1 so pain is localised
for parietal peritoneum
Autonomic nerves so pain is poorly localised for visceral peritoneum

22
Q

Name four muscles of the posterior abdominal wall

A

psoas major
Latissmus dorsi
Quadratus lumborum
Erector Spinae

23
Q

What branches do the CT, SMA and IMA give off?

A

CT-Splenic artery, common hepatic artery and left gastric
SMA-ileocolic, right colic, middle colic and pancreatic and duodenal branches
IMA-Left colic and sigmoid branches

24
Q

Which two veins form the portal vein?

A

SMV and IMV

25
Q

Name the four sites of anastomoses in the GI system?

A

Distal oesophagus
Anorectal junction
Paraumbilical region
Colic veins

26
Q

What is the nerve supply to the abdominal viscera?

A

Vagus supplies foregut and midgut

Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2,3,4) supply the hindgut

27
Q

What is the surface anatomy of the kidneys?

A

Lie on the level of the T12-L3 vertebrae

28
Q

Describe the anatomy of the kidneys

A

Vein lies anterior to artery with pelvis of ureter coming down inferiorly. Suprarenal gland lies on top of kidney.

29
Q

What is the blood supply to and from the oesophagus?

A

Left gastric vein

Branches of left gastric artery

30
Q

In which parts of the stomach are the gastric rugae most abundant?

A

Pylorus

Greater curvature

31
Q

Name two features of the large intestine that differentiate it from the small intestine

A

Teniae coli

Haustra

32
Q

What is Mcburneys point?

A

Where the appendix joins the caecum

1/3 the distance from anterior iliac spine to umbilicus

33
Q

How is rectum peritonised?

A

First 2/3 are retroperitoneal then the last 1/3 is subperitoneal

34
Q

What is the falciform ligament?

A

The liver connects to the anterior abdominal wall via the round ligament of liver which embryologically is derived from left umbilical vein

35
Q

At which vertebral level does the transpyloric plane lie at?

A

L1

Lies halfway between pubic symphysis and jugular notch

36
Q

Name three structures within the hilum of the spleen

A

Splenic artery and vein

Gastrosplenic ligament

37
Q

Name the three structures of the portal triad

A

Portal vein
Hepatic artery
Bile duct

38
Q

What joins to form the common bile duct?

A

The cystic (from gallbladder) and hepatic (from liver) join together to make common bile duct which enters the duodenum

39
Q

What are the main histological features of the pancreas?

A 
Islet of Langerhans (clumps of poor stained cells)
Serous acini (large stained cells)
40
Q

What are the main histological features of the liver?

A

Cells arranged in sheets all converging towards central vein

Portal tracts or triads

41
Q

What are the main histological features of the spleen?

A

Matter called white and red pulp

Dense fibromuscular capsule

42
Q

What is the normal position of the appendix?

A

Retrocaecal

Alimentary System (22 decks)

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