Acute GI Bleed Flashcards
1
Q
What is the landmark that separates upper and lower GI tract?
A
Ligament of Trietz
2
Q
What are some causes of upper GI bleeds?
A
Oesophageal ulcer Oesophagitis Stomach Gastric ulcer Gastritis Duodenum Duodenal ulcer Duodenitis Oesophageal varices Mallory Weiss Tear Oesophageal malignancy Gastric varices Portal hypertensive gastropathy Gastric malignancy Dieulafoy Angiodysplasia Angiodysplasia
3
Q
What are the risk factors for peptic ulcers?
A
Smoking Previous history and family history of peptic ulcers H. Pylori disease NSAID use Increasing age
4
Q
How does H Pylori presence cause peptic ulcers?
A
They produce urease so increases ammonia production. More acid secreted in response
5
Q
How does NSAID use cause peptic ulcers?
A
Means prostaglandin production so get reduced mucous and bicarbonate excretion so defences are minimised.
6
Q
What is Zollinger-Ellison syndrome?
A
Gastrin-secreting pancreatic tumour causes recurrent poor healing duodenal ulcers. Cancer could be sitting under ulcers so need a repeat endoscopy 8 weeks after
7
Q
What is a Mallory Weiss tear?
A
Linear tear at oesophago-gastric junction
Follows period of retching/vomiting
