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Anatomy 21 (Neuro 4) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the largest part of the hindbrain?

A

Cerebellum

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2
Q

What is the cerebellum involved in?

A

Coordination of movement and balance

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3
Q

What are the 2 hemispheres of the cerebellum joined together by?

A

Vermis

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4
Q

Which ventricles does the cerebral aqueduct interconnect?

A

3rd and 4th ventricles

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5
Q

What is the red nucleus?

A

Circular mass of grey matter

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6
Q

Where is the red nucleus located in relevance to the cerebral aqueduct?

A

Ventro-lateral

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7
Q

What is the substantia nigra?

A

A black band of nerve cells

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8
Q

What brain structure does the substantia nigra overly?

A

Crus cerebri (cerebral peduncles)

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9
Q

Where is the substantia nigra located in relevance to the red nucleus?

A

Ventro-lateral to the red nucleus on each side

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10
Q

What does the horizontal fissure mark?

A

Lateral and posterior margins of the hemisphere

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11
Q

What fissure borders the anterior lobes posteriorly?

A

Primary fissure

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12
Q

What fissure borders the posterior lobe anteriorly?

A

Primary fissure

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13
Q

What fissure borders the posterior lobe posteriorly?

A

Horizontal fissure

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14
Q

What does the primary fissure mark the division between?

A

Marks the division between the anterior and posterior lobes of each cerebellar hemisphere

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15
Q

What is a tonsil?

A

A prominent rounded swelling of the cerebellar cortex anteriorly on either side of the vermis

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16
Q

Where is the flocculus located?

A

Lies immediately posterior to the lateral foramen of the 4th ventricle on each side

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17
Q

What is the flocculus partly covered by?

A

Choroid plexus

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18
Q

What is the function of the flocculus?

A

Involved in motor control

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19
Q

What cranial nerves cross the flocculus?

A

Vagus
Hypoglossal

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20
Q

What is the nodule?

A

Continuous with the flocculus via a peduncle of white matte

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21
Q

What is the flocculo-nodular lobe?

A

The flocculus and nodule together, primarily concerned with vestibular information

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22
Q

What is the corticopontocerebellar pathway?

A

Connects the cerebrum with the cerebellum passing through the pons and the contralateral middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP)

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23
Q

What is the vestibulocerebellar tract?

A

A tract in the pontine tegmentum which connects the vestibular nerve and the cerebellar cortex

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24
Q

What is the spinocerebellar tract?

A

A somatosensory part of the sensory nervous system that relays unconscious proprioceptive information from the lower limbs and trunk of the body to the cerebellum

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25
What is the dentate nucleus?
The largest and most lateral of the deep cerebellar nuclei
26
Where do the major fibre bundles of the dentate nucleus pass into?
Passing into the superior cerebellar peduncle
27
What is the function of the dentate nucleus?
Regulates fine-control of voluntary movements, cognition, language, and sensory functions
28
What is the rhomboid fossa?
Diamond shaped floor of the IVth ventricle
29
What is the rhomboid fossa limited by?
Laterally by the cerebellar peduncles and Posteriorly by the gracile and cuneate tubercles
30
What are the gracile tubercles?
Medial dorsal columns carrying touch, vibration, two-point discrimination and proprioception from the lower limb
31
What are the cuneate tubercles?
Lateral dorsal columns carrying touch, vibration, two-point discrimination and proprioception from the upper limb
32
What does the median sulcus divide?
The rhomboid fossa into triangular left and right halves
33
What is the facial colliculus?
A unique feature located in the pons that houses the abducens nucleus and the facial motor fibres
34
What is the medullary striae?
Aberrant ponto-cerebellar fibres passing from the pons to the cerebellum. They divide the floor of the ventricle into a rostral pontine half and a caudal medullary half.
35
What is the locus coeruleus?
A small brainstem nucleus, is the primary source of the neuromodulator norepinephrine (NE) in the brain
36
What is the hypoglossal trigone?
Medial triangular area overlying the hypoglossal (Cn12) nerve nucleus
37
What is the vagal trigone?
Intermediate triangular area overlying the vagus (Cn10) nerve nucleus
38
What is the vestibular trigone?
Lateral triangular area overlying the vestibulocochlear (Cn8) nerve nucleus
39
What is the obex?
The point in the human brain at which the fourth ventricle narrows to become the central canal of the spinal cord
40
What is the area postrema?
A small tongue-shaped area immediately rostro-lateral to the obex
41
What is the area postrema commonly associated with?
Nausea control - a chemoreceptive trigger zone for the emetic response, and lies outside the blood-brain barrier
42
What is the corpus callosum?
Primary commissural region of the brain consisting of white matter tracts that connect the left and right cerebral hemispheres
43
What is the genu?
Bend of the anterior corpus callosum
44
What is the rostrum?
Floor of the frontal horn
45
What is the splenium?
Thickest and most posterior portion of the corpus callosum
46
What is the fornix?
A bundle of white matter beneath the body of the corpus callosum
47
What does the fornix connect?
Hippocampus with the diencephalon and precommissural septum
48
What is the comissure of the fornix?
Fibres from one hippocampus cross to the opposite fornix and so back to the opposite hippocampus
49
What are the columns of the fornix?
Anterior and posterior extensions of the fornix, anteriorly they extend vertically downwards to the mamillary bodies
50
What is the anterior commisure?
A thick bundle of white matter crossing the midline horizontally between the lamina terminalis and the fornix, crosses to interconnect the temporal lobes and olfactory structures of each side
51
What is the septum pellucidum?
Two thin vertical sheets made primarily of glia with a few white fibres, sparse grey matter and a covering of ependyma at the anterior inferior border of the corpus callosum from the fornices
52
What is the lamina terminalis?
A thin sheet of ependyma and pia which extends downwards from the rostrum of the callosum and fornix to the anterior wall of the 3rd ventricle
53
What is the function of the thalamus?
All information from your body's senses (except smell) must be processed through your thalamus before being sent to your brain's cerebral cortex for interpretation. Your thalamus also plays a role in sleep, wakefulness, consciousness, learning and memory.
54
What is the function of the interthalamic adhesion?
Forms a bridge of tissue connecting the thalamus of each hemisphere across the midline
55
What is the hypothalamic sulcus?
Separates the thalamus (superiorly) from the hypothalamus (inferiorly)
56
What is the medial geniculate nucleus?
Relays auditory information from the midbrain to the auditory cortex and passes some fibres via the inferior brachium to the inferior colliculi
57
What is the lateral geniculate nucleus?
Relays visual information from the optic nerve to both the visual cortex via the optic radiation (for vision) and the superior colliculi via the superior brachium (for pupillary reflexes)
58
What is the function of the hypothalamus?
Contributes to body homeostasis and to autonomic nervous and neuroendocrine systems control
59
What is the primary function of the subthalamus?
Movement regulation
60
What is the function of the preoptic area?
Serves as an essential brain region to coordinate sleep and body temperature
61
What are association fibres?
These link cortical regions within one cerebral hemisphere
62
What are commissural fibres?
These link similar functional areas of the two hemispheres, e.g., the corpus callosum
63
What are projection fibres?
These link the cortex with subcortical structures such as the thalamus and spinal cord via the internal capsule and the corona radiata

Neuro (14 decks)

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