Anatomy 2

Question 1

Describe the structure of a typical vertebra and draw and label a schematic diagram of a typical vertebra .

Answer 1

-vertebral body
-pedicle
-transverse process
-lamina
-vertebral foramen
-spinous process
DRAW AND LABEL SUPERIOR AND LATERAL VIEW.

Question 2

Describe the regional characteristics of the vertebrae.

Answer 2

-vertebral arch ( 2 pedicles indented above and below connected to the vertebral body.)
-superior vertebral notchand inferior vertebral notches
-Intervertebral foramen( forms between inferior vertebral notch of the vertebra above and the superior vertebral notch of the vertebra below, spinal nerve comes out.)
-2 lamina ( join posteriorly to for the spinous process)
_on the thoracic vertebra you have the superior and inferior articular process ( the antlers and below the chin of a moose)
Lamina between sup. and Inf. articular process is called pars interarticularis ( cheek bone of moose )
-On the cervical vertebrae just as mentions above have the same articular processes, when the inferior articular process above and the inferior process below are joined together they form the zygapophysical Joints ( allows gliding movement, and are synovial joints, prone to osteoarthritis)

Question 3

Describe the two basic components of an intervertebral disc and how their relationship changes in a protrusion or rupture.

Answer 3

• Consists of central gelatinous (Nucleus Pulposus.)
• with a high water content enclosed by a fibro cartilaginous (annulus fibrosus) the annulus is thinner posteriorly
• An intervertebral (IV) disc acts as a shock absorber with the incompressible nucleus pulposus pushing outward against the annulus fibrosus
• Disc May protrude or herniate, the (herniation of nucleus pulposus) usually posterolaterally compressing spinal nerve, pain may radiate into an extremity. Most common in L4/5 ( compresses L5 nerve since L4 exiting root has already exited) or L5/S1 also c5/6 and c6/7 affecting the nerve root of c7.

Question 4

Describe the structure of the vertebral column as a whole.

Answer 4

draw out
7 cervical
-Atlas: Oval ring bone with anterior arch, posterior arch, and lateral mass ( next to superior articular facet ) transverse ligament that holds the dens
- Axis:( similar to other CV bones just that it has incorporated the body of the atlas as a vertical process of bone ( the dens) NO IV DISC BETWEEN CV1 AND CV2
-cv3-6:
-vertebra prominens : small of absent transverse foramina ( no vertebral artery goes through) Long spinous process
12 thoracic: Has superior and inferior costal facets : for the ribs and articular facet ( behind Moose ears )
5 lumbar: -Large body , Hatchet-shaped spinous process, Mammilary process on the posterior surface of each superior articular process.
5 sacral (fused to form the sacrum) , 4 coccygeal( fused at the coccyx )

Question 5

Discuss common injuries and diseases of the vertebrae, intervertebral discs, and major ligaments of the vertebral column. Discuss the danger of injury to a spinal nerve or its roots by a protruded or herniated intervertebral disc.

Answer 5

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