Anatomy 1 Flashcards
Describe the anatomical position of the body.
- body erect, face forward, eye toward the horizon
- feet together
- toes pointing forward
- arms on the side
- palms facing forward
- thumbs point away from the body
Describe the main anatomical planes.
Median Plane, Sagital, Coronal, Trasverse/Horizontal
Know the terms related to movement.
Flexion:decrease the angle
Extension: increase angle
Abduction,adduction,Eversion, inversion, recursion,protrusion
Name the 4 types of tissues, their functions and location in body.
_Epithelial tissue: Protection (barriers), Absorption, Secretion, Excretion.
connective tissue, Muscle, Nervous tissue. * layer of skin, body cavities peritoneum, lines hollow organs ( mucosa of digestive and respiratory tracts) * gland: thyroid and adrenal glands, sweat and sebaceous glands, salivary glands, mammary glands.
-Connective tissue: Connective tissue proper, adipose, bone, cartilage, Bone Marrow. CT cells are not bound tightly together.
-Muscle Tissue:Skeletal (aka striated):transverse stripes capable of powerful contractions,
*Cardiac
*Smooth:Associated with hair follicles
Walls of blood vessels
Walls of structures associated with gastrointestinal, respiratory, urinary and genital systems (viscera)
-Nervous tissue
Identify the component parts of the integumentary system.
_Epidermis: epithelial tissue
_Dermis: mainly connective tissue
*Contains small vessels and endings of cutaneous nerves
*Rich in collagen & elastic fibers
Describe various types of fascia and their location.
(Connective tissue containing various amount of fat that separate, support and interconnect organs, bones, muscles, nerves and vessels)
-Superficial fascia:
*subcutaneous tissue (hypoderm),
*loose connective tissue & adipose tissue (fat)
*containing branches of cutaneous blood & lymphatic vessels AND nerves
*Role in padding & thermoregulation
-Deep fascia:
^Dense connective tissue
^covers bones, muscles, nerves, vessels AND viscera
^Limits spread of infection AND cancer
Describe what is a serous membrane.
- Sacs of delicate connective tissue membrane capable of secreting fluid to lubricate a smooth internal surface that is collapsed
- Two layers: internal (visceral) AND external (parietal)
- Surrounds various structures
Describe the general distribution of arteries and veins.
-Arteries go away from the heart carring oxygenated blood. go from large to small arteries. Forms ANANSTOMOSES.( ascending) From aorta-Brachiocephalic artery- subclavian artery & carotid artery
(descending aorta) Thoracic aorta-abdominal aorta- common iliac arteries ( internal iliac arteries (pelvis ) External iliac arteries ( lower limbs)
- Veins : from Rivers to lakes (tributaries form network called venous plexuses)
Explain what is the musculovenous pump.
- Valves in the veins alow blood to flow only in one direction, toward the heart
- The deep fascia, contracting muscles AND venous valves work together as a musculovenous pump to return blood to heart. Especially true for lower limbs.
Name the parts of the lymphatic system.
-Lymphatic capillaries ( collect interstitial fluid lost from vascular capillary beds during nutrient exchange, hormones, pathogens, deliver to veins in the root of the neck.)
-Lymph nodes: *Filter lymph
*Part of Immune system: lymphocytes AND macrophages destroy bacteria, virus, foreign antigens AND cell debris
*Site of metastasizing cancerous cells
- small lymphatic vessels form large trunks/ ducts drain at specific sites in veins of neck.
( 1/4 of body drains: R sided of head, neck upper lim, thorax AND upper superficial abdominal wall drain via the right lymphatic duct, close to the right subclavian vein and right jugular vein.)
(3/4 drains to the thoracic duct)
Understanding relationship among organ systems in a specific region and how changes in these relationships can manifest in diseases processes.
Ponder
