Anatomy 1- lower reproductive tract and male reproductive system

Question 1

Identify the parts of the lower urinary tract and state which body region they are in.

Answer 1

Abdomen (retroperitoneal): kidneys, proximal ureter

Pelvic cavity: distal ureter, bladder, proximal urethra

Perineum: distal urethra

Question 2

What comprises the roof and floor of the pelvic cavity?

Answer 2

Roof- pelvic inlet. Floor- levator ani muscle (“the pelvic diaphragm)

Question 3

What comprises the roof and floor of the perineum?

Answer 3

Roof: levator ani, floor: skin

Question 4

Where do the ureters pass in relation to the common iliac arteries in the pelvis?

Answer 4

Anteriorly

Question 5

What are the important anatomical relations of the ureter in males and females?

Answer 5

Males- vas deferens

Females- passes under the uterine artery

Question 6

Identidy the labelled parts

Answer 6

From top left:

Peritoneum

Two ureteric orifices

Internal urethral orifice

Prostate gland

Urethra

Question 7

What muscle mainly forms the bladder wall and what roles does this have?

Answer 7

Detrusor muscle

Fibres encircle the ureteric orifices and tighten when bladder contracts, preventing retrograde urine flow

Forms the internal urethral sphincter which tightens during ejaculation to prevent retrograde ejaculation

Question 8

What are the important anatomical relations of the bladder a) in females and b) in males

Answer 8

a) uterus lies “anteflexed” superiorly over the bladder (with utervesical pouch in between), pubic bone anteriorly, pouch of Douglas between the bladder and the rectum posteriorly
b) Prostate lies inferiorly, rectum lies posteriorly, pubic bone lies anteriorly

Question 9

What are the two methods of catheterising a bladder?

Answer 9

Urethral

Suprapubic

Question 10

Name the labelled structures

Answer 10

From top right:

Vas deferens

Seminal gland

Ejaculatory duct

Prostate gland

Prostatic urethra

Vas deferens

Epididymis

Testis

Scrotum

External urethral meatus

Spongy urethra within corpus spongiosum

Question 11

What is the path taken by the testis during embryological development?

Answer 11

From posterior abdominal wall to scrotum via the inguinal canal

Question 12

What are the contents of the spermatic cord?

Answer 12

Vas deferens

Testicular artery

Testicular vein

Lymphatic vessels

Nerves (autonomic and somatic)

Question 13

What is the tunica vaginalis? What name is given to an excess of fluid within this potential space?

Answer 13

Sac which the testes sit inside (inside the scrotum). Hydrocele

Question 14

What is testicular torsion and what is the possible complication of this?

Answer 14

Twisting of the spermatic cord; testicular ischaemia and necrosis

Question 15

Where can the epididymis be palpated?

Answer 15

On the posterior aspect of the superior pole of the testis

Question 16

Describe the anatomical relations of the prostate.

Answer 16

Surrounds the prostatic urethra; lies inferior to the bladder; lies anterior to the rectum

Question 17

What is the blood supply to the prostate?

Answer 17

Usually a branch of the vesical arteries

Question 18

What part of the prostate is felt on digital rectal examination?

Answer 18

Peripheral zone

Question 19

What are the three erectile components of the penis, and what do they transmit/

Answer 19

Right and left corpus cavernosum- transmit the deep arteries of the penis (branch of the internal pudendal)

Corupus spongiosum transmits the urethra

Question 20

What is the blood supply to the scrotum?

Answer 20

Branches of the internal pudendal and external iliac

Question 21

Where does lymph from a) the penis and scrotum b) the testes drain to?

Answer 21

a) superficial inguinal lymph nodes
b) lumbar nodes