anatomical terms Flashcards
What is Speech?
Speech is the ultimate in skilled behavior Makes us uniquely different from other primates and mammals Speech is a complex sensory-motor action with many levels of organization and representation. Cognitive-linguistic Neuromuscular Sensory feedback/feed-forward events Acoustic-aerodynamic events
What systems are used in speech?
Resonatory system Articulatory system Phonatory system Respiratory system
the nasal cavity and soft palate and portions of the anatomically defined respiratory and digestive systems
Resonatory system
the tongue, lips, teeth, soft palate, etc
Articulatory system
laryngeal structures and the digestive system
Phonatory system
respiratory passageway, lungs, trachea
Respiratory system
Roastral: Toward the beak
Superior
Ventral: toward the belly surface
Anterior
toward the tail
inferior
Dorsal: toward the back
posterior
close to midline
medial
away from midline
lateral
close to point of reference
Proximal
far from point of reference
Distal
connective tissue
epithelial tissue
muscle tissue
nervous tissue
Epithelial Tissue
- Covers and lines surfaces, cavities inside and outside of the body.
- Serves as a barrier, (e.g., skin, mucosa)
- Some have cilia that beat to remove contaminants
- “Basement membrane” secures the epithelium to underlying connective tissue
Connective Tissue
- Most abundant type of tissue in the body
- Supports other tissues, binds them together
- Bone, blood, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, fascia
- Can be solid, liquid, gel-like
smooth muscle
- has narrow, tapered cylidrical-shaped cells
- has nonstriates, uninecleated fibers.
- occurs in walls of internam orangs and blood vessels
- is involuntary
cardiac muscle
- has straited, cylindrical, branched, uninucleated fibers
- occurs in walls of heart
- is involuntary
skeletal muscle
- has striated, cylindrial, multinucleated fibers
- is usually attached to skeleton
- is voluntary
nervous tissue
•Brain, spinal cord, nerve cells
•
•Two types of nervous tissue:
- Neurons: send and receive information to/from the body to coordinate body functions
- Glia: support neurons
metabolically and structurally
Tissue Aggregates
- Fascia
- Ligaments
- Tendons
- Bones
- Joints
Fascia
•Sheet like membrane that that surrounds organs
Ligaments
•ligament refers specifically to “binding. Visceral and Skeletal.
Visceral ligaments
•Visceral ligaments bind organs together or hold structures in place.
Skeletal ligaments
Skeletal ligaments must withstand great pressure, as they typically bind bone to bone
Tendons
•Tendons provide a means of attaching muscle to bone, or cartilage.
Bones
•Bones provide rigid skeletal support and protect organs and soft tissues.
Joints
Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial
Fibrous joints
• have little or any movement is permitted called synarthrosis, found in the cranial bones where such joints are called sutures
Cartilaginous joints
•are not common and usually found at midline. Found in the pubic bone and the vertebral joints
Synovial joints
•These permit relatively free movement, found in the TMJ
