ANAT NOTES 5

Question 1

Skin - our largest organ

Answer 1

Accounts for 7% of body weight and varies in thickness from 1.5 to 4.4mm

Question 2

What are the skins 3 distinct layers?

Answer 2

• Epidermis - 5 thin layers
• Dermis - TRUE SKIN
• Hypodermis - lies deep to the dermis

Question 3

Is the hypodermis part of the integumentary system?

Answer 3

It is composed of areolar and adipose tissues; Not part of the integumentary system but shares some of skin’s properties

Question 4

What are the 5 important functions of the skin?

Answer 4

• Protection
• Body temperature regulation
• Excretion
• Production of vitamin D
• Sensory reception

Question 5

4 main cell types in epidermis

Answer 5

• Keratinocytes
• Melanocytes
• Tactile epithelial
• Dendritic cells

Question 6

Keratinocytes

Answer 6

Stratum spinosum; produce keratin, a fibrous protein

Question 7

Melanocytes

Answer 7

Basal layer; manufacture and secrete pigment (skin color)

Question 8

Tactile epithelial

Answer 8

Basal layer; attached to sensory nerve ending

Question 9

Dendritic cells

Answer 9

Stratum spinosum; part of immune system; macrophage-like

Question 10

5 layers of the Epidermis (all begin with STRATUM; in descending order)

Answer 10

Corneum
Lucidum (only in thick skin) manus and pedal
Granulosum 
Spinosum 
Basale (stratum germinativum)

Question 11

two layers of the dermis

Answer 11

• papillary dermis

- reticular dermis

Question 12

dermal papillae

Answer 12

Increase surface area for exchange of gas, nutrients, and waste

Question 13

Epidermal ridges

Answer 13

elevations of dermal ridges

Fingerprints

Question 14

Reticular Dermis

Answer 14

Dense irregular connective tissue that accounts for 80% of dermal thickness

Question 15

Cleavage lines

Answer 15

separation between collagen fibers

Aid in dissection; stretch marks

Question 16

another name for hypodermis

Answer 16

superficial fascia

Question 17

hypodermis contains what tissue?

Answer 17

areolar and adipose connective tissue

Question 18

what is the different hypodermis distribution in males and females?

Answer 18

apple and pear configuration

Question 19

What are the three pigments that contribute to skin color?

Answer 19

• melanin
• carotene
• hemoglobin

Question 20

what are nails made of?

Answer 20

keratin and scalelike modification of epidermis

Question 21

Hair

Answer 21

Flexible strand of dead, keratinized cells

Question 22

2 chief parts of a hair

Answer 22

Root - root embedded in the skin

Shaft - project’s above skin’s surface

Question 23

where do sebaceous glands NOT occur?

Answer 23

palms and soles

Question 24

Holocrine secretion

Answer 24

entire cells breaks up to form secretion

Question 25

Functions of sebum

Answer 25

Collects dirt; softens and lubricates hair and skin

Question 26

what are the two types of sweat glands?

Answer 26

eccrine gland and apocrine gland

Question 27

where is the apocrine gland located?

Answer 27

axillary, anal, and genital areas

Question 28

First-degree burn

Answer 28

ONLY epidermis is damaged

Question 29

Second-degree burn

Answer 29

Upper part of dermis is ALSO damaged

Question 30

Third-degree burn

Answer 30

ALL destroyed while hypodermis is damaged

Question 31

Basal cell carcinoma

Answer 31

Least malignant and most common

Question 32

Squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 32

Arises from keratinocytes of stratum spinosum

Question 33

Melanoma

Answer 33

Cancer of melanocytes; most dangerous