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ANAT 32 > ANAT NOTES 4 PART 1 > Flashcards

ANAT NOTES 4 PART 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Tissues

A

A group of closely associated cells that perform related functions and are similar in structure

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2
Q

4 Basic Tissue Types

A

Epithelial Tissue
Connective Tissue
Muscle Tissue
Nervous Tissue

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3
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A

Covers a body surface or lines a body cavity and

forms parts of most glands

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4
Q

Epithelial Tissue functions

A
  • Protection
  • Secretion
  • Absorption
  • Diffusion
  • Filtration
  • Sensory reception
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5
Q

Simple epithelia

A

Single layer of cells attached to basement membrane

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6
Q

Stratified epithelia

A

Multiple layers of cells

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7
Q

Squamous

A

cells are wider than tall (plate-like)

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8
Q

Cuboidal

A

cells are as wide as tall, like cubes

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9
Q

Columnar

A

cells are taller than they are wide, like columns

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10
Q

Simple squamous epithelium

A

diffusion and filtration

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11
Q

Simple cuboidal and simple columnar

A

secretion and absorption; ciliated types propel mucus or reproductive cells

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12
Q

Stratified squamous

A

protection

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13
Q

Stratified cuboidal and stratified columnar

A

protection; these tissue types are rare in humans

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14
Q

transitional epithelium

A

protection; stretching to accomodate distension of urinary structures

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15
Q

Endocrine glands

A

Ductless glands that secrete directly into surrounding tissue fluid (hormones)

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16
Q

What exocrine glands are there?

A
  • Mucus-secreting glands
  • Sweat and oil glands
  • Salivary glands
  • Liver and pancreas
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17
Q

Why do goblet cells produce mucin?

A

To protect and lubricate many internal body surface

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18
Q

The goblet cell is…

A

a unicellular exocrine gland

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19
Q

What is the most diverse and abundant tissue?

A

Connective tissue

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20
Q

Main classes of connective tissue

A

Connective tissue proper
Cartilage
Bone tissue
Blood

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21
Q

Important functions of connective tissue types

A
  • Form basis of the skeleton
  • Store and carry nutrients
  • Surround blood vessels and nerves
  • Lead fight against infection
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22
Q

Describe mesenchyme

A
  • Has gel-like ground substance

- Cells are star-shaped mesenchymal cells

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23
Q

All connective tissues…

A

arise from mesenchyme in the embryo

24
Q

Where has brown adipose tissue been found in adults?

A
  • Between scapulae
  • Side of anterior neck
  • Anterior abdominal wall
25
Q

Adipose Connective Tissue

A

Richly vascularized; cells contain many lipid droplets and numerous mitochondria

26
Q

Adipose Connective Tissue produces

A

heat and occurs in babies to aid thermoregulation (underdeveloped)

27
Q

Cartilage

A
  • Firm, flexible tissue
  • Contains no blood vessels or nerves
  • Matrix contains up to 80% water
28
Q

Cartilage cell type is the…

A

chondrocyte

29
Q

Chondroblasts

A

are immature cartilage cells thats secrete matrix during cartilage growth

30
Q

Bone matrix is made of

A

Inorganic calcium salts

and an abundance of collagen fibers

31
Q

What are the 3 types of cartilage?

A

Hyaline cartilage - supports and reinforces; cushion
Elastic cartilage - maintains shape while allowing flexibility
Fibrocartilage - tensile strength; ability to absorb comp. shock

32
Q

Osteoblasts

A

secrete collagen fibers and ground substance of the matrix

33
Q

Osteocytes

A

mature bones in lacunae

34
Q

How are bones able to repair themselves?

A

the bone itself not being exposed

35
Q

NOTHING can destroy bones except:

A

acid and fire

36
Q

2 sub categories of blood

A

erythrocytes and lymphocytes

37
Q

sickle cell anemia

A

sickle shape prevents erythrocytes from latching onto oxygen

38
Q

Covering and Lining Membranes

A
  • Combine epithelial and connective tissues
  • Cover broad areas within body
  • Consist of epithelial sheet plus underlying connective tissue
39
Q

3 types of membranes

A
  • cutaneous membrane
  • mucous membrane
  • serous membrane
40
Q

Cutaneous membrane

A

skin

41
Q

Mucous membrane

A

Lines hollow organs (bladder and stomach) that are open to surface of body; epithelial sheet

42
Q

Serous membrane

A

Mesothelium (simple squamous) lying on areolar connective tissue, lines cavities closed to the exterior

43
Q

serous fluid

A

thick liquid to prevent friction and rubbing against organs

44
Q

Most muscle cells are called

A

muscle fibers

45
Q

myofilaments

A

contain actin and myosin

46
Q

Muscles can be…

A

voluntary or involuntary, may be involuntary to prevent damage

47
Q

3 types of muscle tissue

A
  • Skeletal muscle tissue (directly attached to bones)
  • Cardiac muscle tissue (heart)
  • Smooth muscle tissue (hollow organs)
48
Q

Inflammatory response

A
  • Nonspecific, local response

- Limits damage to injury site

49
Q

Immune response

A
  • Takes longer to develop and very specific

- Increase blood flow in order to destroy particular microorganisms at site of infection (exposure)

50
Q

Edema (accumulation of fluid)

A

Dilutes toxin secreted by bacteria by bringing oxygen, nutrients and antibodies from blood to help fight infection

51
Q

Regeneration

A

Replacement of destroyed tissue with same type of tissue

52
Q

Fibrosis

A

Proliferation of scar tissue

53
Q

Organization

A

Clot is replaced by granulation tissue

54
Q

Muscle tissue is a…

A

composite tissue

55
Q

loose connective tissue

A
  • areolar
  • adipose
  • reticular
56
Q

dense connective tissue

A
  • regular
  • irregular
  • elastic

ANAT 32 (9 decks)

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