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ANAT 32 > ANAT NOTES 2 PART 1 > Flashcards

ANAT NOTES 2 PART 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Cells are…

A

the smallest living units in the body

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2
Q

What do cells do?

A
  • obtain nutrients
  • make molecules needed to survive
  • dispose of wastes
  • maintain shape of cell
  • replicate
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3
Q

Organelles

A

subunits of cells with specific functions

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4
Q

What are the 3 main components of the cell?

A

plasma membrane-the outer boundary
cytoplasm-contains most organelles
nucleus-controls cellular activities

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5
Q

Plasma membrane

A

separates the intracellular fluid within cell from extracellular fluid outside and between cells
*selectively permeable membrane

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6
Q

Integral proteins

A

firmly embedded in, or attached to lipid bilayer

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7
Q

peripheral proteins

A

attached to membrane surface

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8
Q

What does the plasma membrane do?

A
  • provides barrier against substances outside cell
  • some plasma membranes act as receptors
  • determine which substance enter or leave the cell
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9
Q

Simple diffusion

A

tendency of molecules to move down their concentration gradient

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10
Q

Osmosis

A

diffusion of water molecules across a membrane

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11
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

movement of molecules down their concentration gradient through an integral protein

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12
Q

Active transport

A

integral proteins move molecules across the plasma membrane against their concentration gradient

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13
Q

Endocytosis

A

mechanism by which particles enter cells

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14
Q

Phagocytosis

A

“cell eating”

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15
Q

Pinocytosis

A

“cell drinking”

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16
Q

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

A

Plasma proteins bind to certain molecules

17
Q

Exocytosis

A

A mechanism that moves substances out of the cell

18
Q

Mitochondria is surrounded by a…

A

double-walled membrane

19
Q

Mitochondria

A
  • Generate most of the cell’s energy “powerhouse of the cell”
  • Release energy stored in chemical bonds and transfer energy to produce ATP
20
Q

Centrosome

A

a spherical structure in the cytoplasm

Composed of centrosome matrix and centrioles

21
Q

Centrioles

A

paired cylindrical bodies;

  • Consists of 27 short microtubules
  • Act in forming cilia
  • Necessary for karyokinesis (nuclear division)
22
Q

Peroxisomes “toxic waste removal system”

A

Membrane-walled sacs of oxidase enzymes
that neutralize free radicals and break down poisons.
Also break down longs chains of fatty acids.

23
Q

Nuclear envelope

A

two parallel membranes separated by fluid-filled space

24
Q

Nuclear pores…

A

penetrate the envelope enabling large molecules to pass in and out of the nucleus

25
Q

Nucleolus “little nucleus”

A

Contains parts of several chromosomes and site of ribosome subunit assembly

26
Q

M (mitotic) phase

A

cells divide during this stage

27
Q

Mitosis

A

division of the nucleus during cell division

Chromosomes are distributed to the two daughter nuclei

28
Q

Cytokinesis

A

division of the cytoplasm

Occurs AFTER the nucleus divides

29
Q

Cells that move organs or cover body parts

A
  • Fibroblast
  • Erythrocyte
  • Epithelial cell
30
Q

Fibroblast

A

makes and secretes protein component of fibers

31
Q

Erythrocyte

A

concave shape provides surface area for uptake of the respiratory gases

32
Q

Epithelial cell

A

hexagonal shape allows maximum number of epithelial cells to pack together

33
Q

are the cell’s “demolition crew”

A

lysosomes

34
Q

lysosomes

A

membrane-walled sacs containing digestive enxymes

35
Q

“packaging and shipping” division of the manufacturing plant

A

golgi apparatus

36
Q

this organelle has both a cis and a trans face

A

golgi apparatus

37
Q

structure of plasma membrane

A

lipid bilayer and membrane proteins

38
Q

extended chromatin

A

active region of DNA where it’s genetic code is copied onto mRNA in transcription

39
Q

condensed chromatin

A

tightly coiled nucleosomes; inactive form of chromatin

ANAT 32 (9 decks)

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