Analgesics Flashcards
Parasthesis is painful feelings…
With no apparent stimulus (eg. Pins and needles)
Allodynia is pain from
A stimulus that doesn’t usually cause pain
Short term pain, with an easily identifiable cause. A warning of present tissue damage or disease which respond well to medication is known as
Acute/nociceptive pain
Pain which persists, is constant or intermittent and has outlived its purpose since it no longer helps the body to prevent further injury is known as
Chronic/neuropathic pain
Which is easier to treat using analgesia nociceptive or neuropathic pain?
Nociceptive
The pain pathways is linked to which tract?
Spinothalamic tract
What intensifies the sensation of pain and the pain pathway?
Inflammation
In the pain pathway inflammation intensifies the pain, which drugs could be given to control the inflammation and therefore dampen down the pain signals
NSAIDs and paracetamol
Anti inflammatory actions of steroids
Where in the brain is the ‘perception of pain’
Thalamus
Where in the brain is the pain localised?
Somatosensory cortex
Where in the brain is the behavioural and emotional side of pain
Hypothalamus limbic system
Where in the brain is the ‘alertness’ associated with pain interpreted
Reticular formation in the brain stem
True or false, we have our own endogenous pathways to responding to pain, drugs enhance these
True
Which analgesics modify the transmission of pain signals and the subjective perception of pain
Opioids
Which analgesics are effective for neuropathic pain which is resistant to opioids?
Antidepressants, anti epileptics
Which type of analgesics are effective for trigeminal neuralgia
Anti epileptics; carbamazepine
Which type of analgesic is particularly effective for severe intractable or crescendo neuropathic pain: emergency medicine
Local anaesthetics
Neuropathic pain is often resistant to anaesthetics, true or false
True
Which of the following chemicals may be classed as pain modulators; Noradrenaline Enkephalins Histamine Bradykinin
Enkephalins
Histamine
True or false, Mu-opioid receptors are responsible for relatively few side effects
False
Mu-opioid receptors may elicit sedation and dysphoria, true or false
False
True or false, opioids interact with cimetidine (drug for ulcer treatment)
True
True or false, acute pain is pain that has lasted for 6months or longer
False
True or false, chronic pain is constant or intermittent pain that does not help the body prevent injury
True
Which analgesics work at spinal cord and CNS level, decreasing neurotransmitter release and blocking post-synaptic receptors, and activating inhibitory pathways
Opioid analgesics
What are some com in side effects of opioid analgesics
Nausea, vomiting, constipation, drowsiness, resp depression, hypotension, dependency
What are the cautions/contraindications of using opioids
Acute respiratory depression
Acute alcoholism
Head injury
Opioid analgesics interact with alcohol, what effects can be seen
Increased hypertensive and sedative effects
Opioids interact with MAOIs what effect can be seen
Increases CNS excitation/inhibition
Opioids interact with SSRI/TCAs what effect can be seen
Increased sedation
Opioids interact with the drug carbamazepine, what effect can be seen
Decrease in the plasma concentration of methadone
Opioids interact with the ulcer healing drug cimetidine, what happens
Inhibits opioid metabolism
What are the 3 types of opioid receptors
Mu, Kappa, delta
Most analgesic opioids are agonists of which opioid receptor
Mu
