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ESL > Anaheim Campus > Flashcards

Anaheim Campus Flashcards

1
Q

a person who helps someone such as a criminal to do something wrong
شریک جرم

A

accomplice (əkʌmplɪs) n.

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2
Q

the act of closing a company by selling the things that belong to it, in order to pay its debts :
Hundreds of small businesses went into ? (= were closed ) .

A

liquidation n.

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3
Q

involvement in a crime, together with other people

Jennings denied ? in the murder.

A

complicity n.

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4
Q

to say publicly that you no longer have a political or religious belief that you had before
انکار کردن

A

recant / rɪkænt / verb

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5
Q

گناهکار, مقصر
deserving blame
Both parties were held to be to some extent ?.

A

culpable / kʌlpəb ə l / adjective

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6
Q

اعتراف کردن
to admit, especially to the police, that you have done something wrong or illegal
Edwards ?ed to being a spy for the KGB.

A

confess / kənfes / verb

confession n.

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7
Q

مدعی شد که فریب خورده که مواد رو جابجا کنه

A

trick somebody into doing something

He claimed he was tricked into carrying drugs.

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8
Q

مقصر دونستن
to say or think that someone or something is responsible for something bad :
Don’t ? me – it’s not my fault.
I ? his mother. She does everything for him.

A

blame verb

blame somebody/something for something

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9
Q

مقصر دونسته شد و به زندان افتاد

A

he was found culpable and jailed.

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10
Q 
to decide unfairly that a type of person has particular qualities or abilities because they belong to a particular race, sex, or social class 
Homeless people are ?d as alcoholics or addicts.
A

stereotype verb

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11
Q

اوباش و ارازل

a criminal, often a young person, who does violent or illegal things SYN gangster

A

hoodlum n.

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12
Q

بدشانس، بی چاره
literary unlucky :
The ? passengers were stranded at the airport for three days.

A

hapless / hæpləs / adjective [ only before noun ]

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13
Q

جنایتکار
someone who is guilty of a serious crime SYN criminal :
By law, convicted ؟s (= criminals who are sent to prison ) may not own or use guns.

A

felon / felən / noun

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14
Q

پايمال شدن، لغو کردن
to officially end a legal agreement, practice etc :
Both governments voted to ? the treaty.

A

abrogate / æbrəɡeɪt / verb

abrogation n.

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15
Q

an ? crime, fact etc is one that someone says has happened or is true, although it has not been proved
? offense/crime/incident etc
their ? involvement in international terrorism
اتهام

A

alleged / əledʒd / adjective

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16
Q

اتهام، عقیده
a very strong belief or opinion
religious/political etc ?s
a woman of strong political ?

A

conviction / kənvɪkʃ ə n / noun

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17
Q

پیشنهاد کردن
to suggest something as a plan or course of action
the changes currently ?d by the local planning authorities
the ?d budget cuts

A

propose / prəpəʊz/ verb

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18
Q

حق دادن
to give someone the official right to do or have something
be ?d to (do) something
Full-time employees are ?d to receive health insurance.

A

entitle / ɪntaɪtl / verb [ transitive often passive ]

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19
Q

on (the) grounds of something

شما بازداشتید؟ به چه جرمی؟

A

You are under arrest. On what grounds?

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20
Q

مانع جلو راه ایجاد کردن
to prevent something or make something impossible :
rules that ? experimentation in teaching methods
? somebody from doing something
Age alone will not ? him from standing as a candidate.

A

preclude / prɪklud / verb [ transitive ]

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21
Q

تصويب کردن
to defend or support a law, system, or principle so that it continues to exist :
a committee that aims to ? educational standards
OPP overrule (رد کردن)

A

uphold / ʌphoʊld / verb ( past tense and past participle upheld / -held / ) [ transitive ]

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22
Q

ویرانی و خرابی
a situation in which there is a lot of damage or a lack of order, especially so that it is difficult for something to continue in the normal way SYN chaos
cause/create ?
A strike will cause ? for commuters.

A

havoc / hævək / noun [ uncountable ]

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23
Q

someone who travels a long distance to work every day

A

commuter / kəmjutər/ noun [countable]

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24
Q

پریشان حال
so upset and worried that you cannot think clearly :
Relatives are tonight comforting the ? parents.

A

distraught / dɪsstrɒt / adjective

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25
Q

a baseball player who hits the ball a very long way

A

slugger / slʌɡər / noun

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26
Q

حاکی
if a situation or type of behaviour is ? of something, it shows that a serious problem exists.
? of
The rise in unemployment is ? of a general decline in the economy.
2 medical showing that someone has a particular illness

A

symptomatic / sɪmptəmætɪk/ adjective

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27
Q 
پوچ بی محتوی
very stupid or without much meaning :  
Most pop lyrics are pretty ?. 
an ? remark 
— ?ly   adverb :  
Dave smiled ?ly.
A

inane / ɪneɪn / adjective

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28
Q

کار مفت

a job which you get paid for even though you do not have to do very much work

A

sinecure /sɪnɪkjʊr / noun

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29
Q

a ? action is shocking because it is done in a way that is easily noticed and shows no respect for laws, truth etc
? abuse/violation/breach etc
? violations of human rights

A

flagrant / fleɪɡrənt / adjective

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30
Q

تبعیض
an opinion about whether a person, group, or idea is good or bad that influences how you deal with it → discrimination
political/gender/racial etc ?
political ? in the press
Students were evaluated without ?.
? against/towards/in favour of
It’s clear that the company has a ? against women and minorities.

A

bias / baɪəs / noun [ singular, uncountable ]

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31
Q

اداره کردن
to be in charge of a formal event, organization, ceremony etc :
I shall be pleased to ? at your meetings.
Mr Justice Waller, ?ing judge for the north east
? over something phrasal verb

A

preside / prɪzaɪd / verb [ intransitive ]

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32
Q

گول زدن
to trick or deceive someone
? somebody into doing something
Consumers are being ?d into buying faulty electronic goods.

A

dupe informal verb [ transitive usually passive]

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33
Q

to trick someone, especially by telling them something that is not true : I’m pretty good at judging people; I didn’t think he was trying to ? me.

A

con informal

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34
Q

انرژی دادن
? somebody/something ↔ up phrasal verb
informal to make something or someone more active or interesting :
The team needs a few new players to ? it up.

A

pep - up / pep / verb ( past tense and past participle pepped , present participle pepping )

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35
Q

informal physical energy :
an enthusiastic player, full of ?
→ ? talk

A

pep noun [ uncountable ]

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36
Q

متوقف کردن
to officially end a law, system etc, especially one that has existed for a long time :
Slavery was ?ed in the US in the 19th century.

A

abolish / əbɒlɪʃ / verb [ transitive ]

Slavery = بردگی

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37
Q

محروم کردن
? somebody of something phrasal verb
to prevent someone from having something, especially something that they need or should have :
A lot of these children have been ?d of a normal home life.

A

deprive / dɪpraɪv / verb

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38
Q

لغو کردن
1 law to officially state that something has no legal force :
The election results were ?ied because of voter fraud.
خنثی کردن
2 formal to make something lose its effect or value SYN cancel out :
Recent inflation could ? the economic growth of the last several years

A

nullify /nʌlɪfaɪ / verb ( past tense and past participle nullified , present participle nullifying , third person singular nullifies ) [ transitive ]
nullification n.

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39
Q

با تقوی و فضیلت
formal behaving in a very honest and moral way OPP wicked :
a ? man
Sue considered herself very ? because she neither drank nor smoked.

A

virtuous / vɜrtʃuəs/ adjective

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40
Q

فساد
dishonest, illegal, or immoral behavior, especially from someone with power :
officials charged with bribery and ?
The investigation uncovered widespread ? within the police force.

A

corruption / kərʌpʃ ə n / noun [ uncountable ]

bribery = رشوه خواری

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41
Q

فساد در جنوب کشور خیلی رایجه

A

Corruption was rife in the south of the country

rife = مملو، متداول

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42
Q

مقصر
1 the person who is guilty of a crime or doing something wrong → victim :
Police finally managed to catch the ?.
2 informal the reason for a particular problem or difficulty :
High production costs are the main ?.

A

culprit / kʌlprət, kʌlprɪt / noun [ countable]

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43
Q

مشتاق
doing something as much as possible SYN keen :
an ? collector of old jazz records
an ? reader

A

avid /ævɪd / adjective [ only before noun ]

avidly adv.

44
Q

خودنما
1 something that is ? looks very expensive and is designed to make people think that its owner must be very rich :
She carried her car keys on an ? gold key ring.
an ? display of wealth
2 someone who is ? likes to show everyone how rich they are :
He was vain and ?.

A

ostentatious / ɑstənteɪʃəs / adjective
ostentatiously adverb
vain = تازه به دوران رسیده

45
Q

ثابت قدم ماندن
to continue trying to do something in a very determined way in spite of difficulties – use this to show approval :
It can be tricky at first, but ?.
? with
He ?d with his task until he had succeeded in collecting an armful of firewood.
? in (doing) something
She had ?d in her claim for compensation.

A

persevere / pɜrsəvɪr / verb [ intransitive ]

persevering adjective

46
Q

محدود كردن، دست و پا رو بستن
1 to restrict someone’s freedom and prevent them from doing what they want :
?ed by family responsibilities
غل و زنجیر کردن
2 to put chains around a prisoner’s hands or feet SYN chain

A

fetter / fetər / verb [ transitive usually passive ] literary

47
Q

اعتراض كردن با صداي بلند
to speak loudly, sometimes with actions, so that people notice you
He ? against the decision

A

declaim / dɪkleɪm / verb

declamation / dekləmeɪʃ ə n / noun

48
Q

با سخن به کسی حمله کردن
? against somebody/something phrasal verb
to criticize someone or something strongly

A

inveigh / ɪnveɪ / verb

49
Q

a large basket that you put dirty clothes in until they can be washed SYN laundry basket British English

A

hamper

50
Q

مانع شدن
to make it difficult for someone to do something :
She tried to run, but was ?ed by her heavy suitcase.
An attempt to rescue the men has been ?ed by bad weather.

A

hamper / hæmpər / verb

51
Q

نمونه کامل
someone who is perfect or is extremely brave, good etc – often used humorously
? of
a ? of virtue

A

paragon / pærəɡən $ -ɡɑn / noun [ countable ]

52
Q

عشایر - کوچ نشین
a member of a tribe that travels from place to place instead of living in one place all the time, usually in order to find grass for their animals

A

nomad

53
Q

سختی

if you speak with ?, you say something in a way that is rough or severe, showing that you are feeling impatient

A

asperity /æsperɪti/ noun [ uncountable ] formal

54
Q

لقب
a word or short phrase used to describe someone, especially when praising them or saying something unpleasant about them :
He hardly deserves the ? ‘fascist’.

A

epithet / epɪθet / noun [ countable ]

55
Q

بحث برانگیز و جنجالی
causing a lot of disagreement, because many people have strong opinions about the subject being discussed:
the ? issue of welfare reform
a highly ? (= very ?) plan to flood the valley in order to build a dam
He is a ? figure (= person who does ? things ) in the art world.

A

controversial AC / kɒntrəvɜrʃ ə l/ adjective

56
Q

زندانی

someone who is being kept in a prison

A

inmate / ɪnmeɪt / noun [ countable ]

57
Q

دادخواست
(law) a problem or complaint that a person or company brings to a court of law to be settled SYN lawsuit :
Johnson has filed ? against her.
a civil ?

A

suit / sut / noun [ countable ]

58
Q

اطاعت نکردن، نقض کردن
to disobey or do something against an official agreement, law, principle etc :
34 protesters were arrested for ?ing criminal law.
regimes that ? human rights

A

violate AC / vaɪəleɪt / verb [ transitive ]

59
Q

حسن، شایستگی
an advantage or good feature of something
-? of
The film has the ? of being short.
The ? of the report is its realistic assessment of the changes required.
The great ? of the project is its flexibility and low cost.
Each of these approaches to teaching has its ?s.
Tonight’s meeting will weigh up the relative ?s of the two candidates.

A

merit / merɪt / noun [ countable ]

60
Q 
محکوم کردن
to prove or officially announce that someone is guilty of a crime after a  trial  in a law court  OPP  acquit 
? somebody of something 
She was ?ed of shoplifting. 
? somebody on something 
He was  ?ed on  fraud  charges . 
a ?ed murderer
A

convict / kənvɪkt / verb [ transitive ]

61
Q 
گناه، بزه، جرم
an illegal action or a crime :  
His solicitor said he committed the ? because he was heavily in debt. 
? against 
sexual ?s against children
A

offense / əfens / noun [ countable ]

62
Q

آزاد کردن
release to allow someone to leave prison or somewhere they have been kept as a prisoner SYN release :
He expects to be ?d quite soon.
The terrorists have at last agreed to ? the hostages.
? somebody from something
She was ?d from prison last week.

A

free verb ( past tense and past participle freed , present participle freeing ) [ transitive ]

63
Q

القاء کردن، سرغیرت آوردن
to encourage someone by making them feel confident and eager to do something :
We need someone who can ? the team.
? somebody to do something
He ?d many young people to take up the sport.
? somebody to something
I hope this success will ? you to greater efforts.
?d by the sunny weather, I decided to explore the woods.

A

inspire / ɪnspaɪr / verb [ transitive ]

64
Q

ماورای تصور
having very exciting special qualities that are better than anyone or anything else :
an ?d leader
an ?d performance

A

inspired / ɪnspaɪrd / adjective

65
Q

فشار
when people are made to obey a rule, law etc :
law ?

A

enforcement / ɪnfɔrsmənt / noun [ uncountable ]

66
Q

اذیت و آزار، تعرض
when someone behaves in an unpleasant or threatening way towards you :
African-Americans have been complaining about police ? for years.

A

harassment / hærəsmənt, həræsmənt / noun [ uncountable ]

67
Q

تحمل کردن
1 [ transitive ] to be in a difficult or painful situation for a long time without complaining :
It seemed impossible that anyone could ? such pain.
? doing something
He can’t ? being apart from me.

In everyday English, people usually say stand rather than ?:
I couldn’t stand the pain.
2 [ intransitive ] to remain alive or continue to exist for a long time :
friendships which ? over many years

A

endure / ɪndjʊə / verb

68
Q

محرومیت
formal a lack or loss of the things that everyone needs, such as food, warmth, and shelter :
the ?s of wartime

A

privation / praɪveɪʃ ə n / noun [ uncountable and countable ]

69
Q

مدینه فاضله

an imaginary perfect world where everyone is happy

A

utopia / jutoʊpiə / noun [ uncountable and countable ]

70
Q

سرکوب کردن، کنترل خودش
1 to stop yourself from doing something you want to do :
Brenda ?ed the urge to shout at him.
I ?ed a smile.
2 if someone ?es upsetting feelings, memories etc, they do not allow themselves to express or think about them:
He had long ago ?ed the painful memories of his childhood.
3 to control a group of people by force → suppress, oppress :
The police were widely criticized for their role in ?ing the protest movement.

A

repress / rɪpres / verb [ transitive ]

71
Q

خونسرد و ریلکس
calm and not easily excited or worried :
The taxi driver, a ? man in middle age, showed no surprise at this request.

A

phlegmatic / fleɡmætɪk / adjective

phlegmatically / -kli / adverb

72
Q 
نزاع و دعوا
1 an angry argument or disagreement 
? with 
Jacob left after a ? with his wife. 
? about/over 
They had a ? about some girl. 
? between

bitter (= involving strong feelings of anger or hatred ) They are locked in a bitter ? over ownership of the land.

A

quarrel / kwɒrəl / noun [ countable ]

73
Q

پرتاپ کردن
1 [ transitive always + adverb/preposition ] to throw something with a lot of force, especially because you are angry :
Demonstrators were hurling bricks through the windows.
He ?ed a chair across the set, smashing lamps and vases.
2 [ intransitive and transitive ] American English informal to vomit

A

hurl / hɜrl / verb

74
Q 
زننده، بسیار بد، غیراخلاقی
1 informal   extremely unpleasant or bad  SYN  horrible :  
This coffee  tastes  really  ?. 
a  ? smell 
She has a  ? temper . 
2 ? or immoral :  
a ? act of betrayal
A

vile / vaɪl / adjective
— vilely adverb
— vileness noun [ uncountable ]

75
Q

قابل بحث و گفتگو
things that are ? are not certain because people have different opinions about them SYN arguable :
a ? point
it is ? whether/how etc
It’s ? whether this book is as good as her last.
Whether the object was used for rituals is highly ?.

A

debatable AC / dɪbeɪtəb ə l / adjective

76
Q

شایعه، درخت انگور
1 hear something on the ? to hear about something because the information has been passed from one person to another in conversation :
I heard about his resignation on the ?.
2 a climbing plant on which grapes grow SYN vine

A

grapevine / ɡreɪpvaɪn / noun [ countable ]

77
Q

ساکن
one of the people who live in a particular place :
a city of six million ?s

A

inhabitant / ɪnhæbɪtənt / noun [ countable ]

78
Q

بومی
? people or things have always been in the place where they are, rather than being brought there from somewhere else SYN native
؟ to
Blueberries are ؟ to America.
the many ؟ cultures which existed in Siberia

A

indigenous / ɪndɪdʒ ə nəs / adjective formal

79
Q

اجتماعی
1 friendly and preferring to be with other people SYN sociable OPP solitary
he was a popular and ? man.
2 technical ? animals tend to live in a group OPP solitary
— ?ly adverb
— ?ness noun [ uncountable ]

A

gregarious / ɡrɪɡeəriəs / adjective

80
Q

محل سکونت
the natural home of a plant or animal :
watching monkeys in their natural ?
The grassland is an important ? for many wild flowers.

A

habitat / hæbɪtæt / noun [ uncountable and countable ]

81
Q

نگاه سرسری
done very quickly without much attention to details
? glance/look
Even a ? glance at the figures will tell you that sales are down.
? examination/inspection
a ? examination of the evidence
— ?ily adverb

A

cursory / kɜrs ə ri / adjective

82
Q

منظم
1 arranged or organized in a sensible or neat way OPP disorderly
in (an) ? something
The tools were arranged in ? rows.
She needs to organize her ideas in a more ? way.
2 peaceful or well behaved OPP disorderly
in (an) ? something
The elections were conducted in an ? fashion .
They waited in a dignified and ? manner outside the church.
— ?iness noun [ uncountable ]

A

orderly / ɔrdərli / adjective

83
Q

متفاوت و متمایز
1 clearly different or belonging to a different type :
two entirely ? languages
? types/groups/categories etc
There are four ? types.
? from
The learning needs of the two groups are quite ? from each other.
2 as ? from something used to make it clear that you are not referring to a particular kind of thing, but to something else :
a movie star, as ? from an actor

A

distinct / dɪstɪŋkt / adjective

84
Q

someone who becomes involved in a place or group where they should not be or they are not wanted

A

interloper / ɪntərloʊpər / noun [ countable ]

85
Q

شورشی
1 someone who opposes or fights against people in authority :
Anti-government ?s attacked the town.
? forces/soldiers
the ? leader
2 someone who refuses to do things in the normal way, or in the way that other people want them to :
Alex has always been a bit of a ?.

A

rebel / reb ə l / noun [ countable ]

86
Q

دفع کردن، رد کردن، راندن
1 if something or someone repulses you, you think that they are extremely unpleasant SYN disgust :
The very thought of his cold clammy hands ?d me.
2 to fight someone and successfully stop their attack on you :
Government troops ?d an attack by rebel forces.
3 to refuse an offer of friendship or help in a way that is rude
— ? noun [ singular ]

A

repulse / rɪpʌls / verb [ transitive ] formal

87
Q

پر، انباشته
1 formal full of something
? with
Literature is ? with tales of power.

A

replete / rɪplit / adjective [ not before noun ]

88
Q

نکات ظریف و دقیق
a very slight, hardly noticeable difference in manner, color, meaning etc → subtlety :
He was aware of every ? in her voice.
? of
the painting’s delicate ?s of color, tone, and texture
— ?d adjective :
a skilful and ?d performance

A

nuance / nuɑns / noun [ countable ]

89
Q

1 a woman at a party, meal etc who has invited all the guests and provides them with food, drink etc → host
2 a woman who introduces and talks to the guests on a television or radio show → host
3 a woman who shows people to seats in a restaurant in the US
4 a woman whose job is to entertain men at a nightclub

A

hostess / hoʊstɪs / noun [ countable ]

90
Q

به سرعت حرکت کردن
to move quickly with short steps, especially because you are in a hurry :
People were ?ing off to work.
— ? noun [ singular ]

A

scurry / skɜri / verb ( past tense and past participle scurried , present participle scurrying , third person singular scurries ) [ intransitive always + adverb/preposition ]

91
Q

شتاب زده و عجول
1 done in a hurry, especially with bad results SYN hurried :
He soon regretted his ? decision.
a ? breakfast
2 be ? to do something too soon, without careful enough thought :
Let’s not be ? – sit down for a moment.

A

hasty / heɪsti / adjective

92
Q

توانمند، حاصلخیز، بارور
1 a ? artist, writer etc produces many works of art, books etc :
Handel’s ? output of opera
2 an animal or plant that is ? produces many babies or many other plants
— ?ally / -kli / adverb

A

prolific / prəlɪfɪk / adjective

93
Q

دیوار و پناه، کناره های کشتی
1 something that protects you from an unpleasant situation
? against
a ? against dictatorship
2 ?s [ plural ] the sides of a boat or ship above the deck
3 a strong structure like a wall, built for defence

A

bulwark / bʊlwərk / noun [ countable ]

94
Q

نشسته و بی تحرک،
1 formal spending a lot of time sitting down, and not moving or exercising very much
? life/job/lifestyle etc
health problems caused by our ? lifestyles

A

sedentary / sed ə nteri / adjective

95
Q

زنبور نر، صدای زیر ممتد
1 [ singular ] a continuous low dull sound
? of
the steady ? of traffic
2 [ countable ] a male bee that does no work

A

drone noun

96
Q

زنبور نر، صدای زیر ممتد
1 [ singular ] a continuous low dull sound
? of
the steady ? of traffic
2 [ countable ] a male bee that does no work

A

drone noun

97
Q

زنبور نر، صدای زیر ممتد
1 [ singular ] a continuous low dull sound
? of
the steady ? of traffic
2 [ countable ] a male bee that does no work

A

drone noun

98
Q

a

A

a

99
Q

a

A

hatch 1 / hætʃ / verb ( also hatch out ) [ intransitive and transitive ]
به روزنه تو هواپیما و کشتی هم می گویند که برای بارگیری استفاده می شه

100
Q

1 if an egg ?es, or if it is ?ed, it breaks, letting the young bird, insect etc come out :
The eggs take three days to ?.

A

hatch 1 / hætʃ / verb ( also hatch out ) [ intransitive and transitive ]
به روزنه تو هواپیما و کشتی هم می گویند که برای بارگیری استفاده می شه

101
Q

1 if an egg ?es, or if it is ?ed, it breaks, letting the young bird, insect etc come out :
The eggs take three days to ?.

A

hatch 1 / hætʃ / verb ( also hatch out ) [ intransitive and transitive ]
به روزنه تو هواپیما و کشتی هم می گویند که برای بارگیری استفاده می شه

102
Q

2 ? bricks/carpet/concrete/cables etc to put or fasten bricks, a carpet etc in the correct place, especially on the ground or floor :
The carpet was ?id last week.
The project involved ?ing an oil pipeline across the desert.

A

lay 2 S1 W2 verb ( past tense and past participle laid / leɪd / )

103
Q

3 bird/insect etc [ intransitive and transitive ] if a bird, insect etc ?s eggs, it produces them from its body :
The flies ? their eggs on decaying meat.
A cuckoo is able to ? in a range of different nests.

A

lay 2 S1 W2 verb ( past tense and past participle laid / leɪd / )

104
Q

2 ? bricks/carpet/concrete/cables etc to put or fasten bricks, a carpet etc in the correct place, especially on the ground or floor :
The carpet was ?id last week.
The project involved ?ing an oil pipeline across the desert.

A

lay verb ( past tense and past participle laid / leɪd / )

105
Q

3 bird/insect etc [ intransitive and transitive ] if a bird, insect etc ?s eggs, it produces them from its body :
The flies ? their eggs on decaying meat.
A cuckoo is able to ? in a range of different nests.

A

lay verb ( past tense and past participle laid / leɪd / )

106
Q

? somebody/something ↔ out phrasal verb
1 spread to spread something out :
? out the map on the table and let’s have a look.

A

lay verb ( past tense and past participle laid / leɪd / )

ESL (6 decks)

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