Anaerobic Resp Flashcards
What is anaerobic respiration and what are the two different stages
Anaerobic respiration does not use oxygen and it doesn’t involve the link, Krebs or oxidative phosphorylation. There are two types: alcoholic fermentation and lactate fermentation. These two processes are similar as they both take place in the cytoplasm and both undergo glycolysis. However they differ in which organisms they occur I. And what happens to the pyruvate
What is lactate fermentation and where does it occur
Occurs in mammals and produces lactate:
Reduced NAD from glycolysis transferred hydrogen to pyruvate to for, lactate and NAD. The NAD can be reused in glycolysis even if there is little oxygen around so small amounts of atp can still be produced to keep biological processes going
Can we tolerate lactate.
We can tolerate high levels, but only for short periods of hard exercise when gaining ATP from aerobic respiration isn’t sufficient enough. However too much lactate for a long period of time is too toxic for body and removed from bloodstream. Liver takes it up and converts it back to glucose in gluconeogenesis.
What is alcoholic fermentation, what does it produce and where
Occurs in yeast cells and produces ethanol:
CO2 removed from pyruvate to form ethanal. Reduced NAD transfers to ethanal to form ethanol and NAD. NAD reused in glycolysis
What can cells respire
Glucose
Other carbohydrates, lipids, proteins
Any biological molecule that can be broken down in respiration to release energy. (Respiratory substrates)
What respiratory substrates hold the most energy value
When respired, different respiratory substrates release different amounts of energy when respired. Lipids have highest energy value, followed by protein then carbohydrates.
How is most ATP made?
Most ATP is made in oxidative phosphorylation which requires hydrogen atoms from red. NAD and FAD. So respiratory substrates that contain more hydrogen atoms per unit of mass cause more ATP to be produced when respired. Lipids contain the most hydrogen ions per unit of mass
What is the respiratory quotient
Volume of carbon dioxide produced when the substrate is respired, divided by the volume of oxygen consumed, in a set period of time
What is the RQ for cells that respire glucose
C6H1206 + 602 -> 6CO2 + 6H20 + energy
6/6 = 1
RQ = 1
What are the RQs of other substances
Lipids 0.7
Proteins 0.9
This is because more oxygen is needed to oxidise dats and lipids than carbohydrates
What does the RQ tell us
It tells us what kind of respiratory substrate an organisms is respiring and what type of respiration is occurring. E.g. in normal conditions, usual RQ for humans is 0.7-1. This shows that some fats are being used as well as carbohydrates such as glucose. Protein isn’t really used unless there is nothing left. Higher RQs mean probably anaerobic respiration as well as aerobic
What does low RQ in plants mean
C02 released in respiration is used for photosynthesis so it is not measured
