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Microbiology > Anaerobic Organisms > Flashcards

Anaerobic Organisms Flashcards

1
Q

Gram Positive Bacilli

A

Clostridium botulinum
Clostridioides difficile
Clostridium perfringens
Clostridium septicum
Clostridium tetani

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2
Q

Gram Negative Bacilli

A

Bacteroides fragilis group
Campylobacter ureolyticus
Fusobacterium mortiferum
Fusobacterium necrophorum
Fusobacterium nucleatum
Porphyromonas
Prevotella

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3
Q

Gram Positive Rods

A

Actinomyces israelii
Bifidobacterium
Eggerthella lentum/Eubacterium
Lactobacillus
Cutibacterium acnes
Propionibacterium species

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4
Q

Gram Positive Cocci

A

Peptostreptococcus anaerobius
Peptoniphilus species

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5
Q

Gram Negative Cocci

A

Veillonella

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6
Q

Facultative Anaerobes

A

Grow aerobically and anaerobically

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7
Q

Obligate Anaerobes

A

Only grow anaerobically

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8
Q

Strict Obligate Anaerobes

A

Cannot tolerate more than 0.5% O2

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9
Q

Moderate Obligate Anaerobes

A

Tolerate 2-8% O2
Most clinically significant anaerobes are here

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10
Q

Aerotolerante Anaerobes

A

Grow poorly in ambient air (approx. 21% O2)

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11
Q

Exogenous Disease

A

Caused by organisms from outside the body
Spore or toxins enter through body

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12
Q

Endogenous Disease

A

Caused by host’s normal flora

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13
Q

Most Common Organsims

A

Bacteroides fragilis
Prevotella
Porphyromonas
Fusobacterium nucleatum
Clostridiium perfringens
Anaerobic cocci

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14
Q

Types of Specimen

A

Aspirates
Swabs
Tissue
Blood

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15
Q

Aspirates

A

Small volumes
May be injected into oxygen-free transport
PRAS - ideal transport media

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16
Q

Swabs

A

Oxygen-free swabs should be used

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17
Q

Tissue

A

Small pieces of tissue can be placed into Oxygen-freen transport media

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18
Q

Blood

A

Culture bottles that support anaerobic growth

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19
Q

Anaerobic Blood Agar Plate

A

Growth of virtually all obligate and facultative anaerobes

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20
Q

BBE (Bacteroides Bile Esculin)

A

Supports growth of bile-tolerant organisms (specifically Bacteroides)

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21
Q

KVLB (Kanamycin-Vancomycin-Laked Blood)

A

Supports of growth of Bacteroides and Prevotella species

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22
Q

PEA (Phenylethyl alcohol)

A

Growth of facultative GP organisms

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23
Q

Thioglycollate

A

Growth of all types of bacteria
Obligate aerobes and microaerophiles near the top
Obligate anaerobes at the bottom
Facultative anaerobes throughout

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24
Q

Cooked Meat

A

Same as Thioglycollate

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25
CCFA (Cycloserin-cefoxitin-fructose agar)
Isolation of C. difficle (turns yellow)
26
Antibiotic Common Disks
Vancomycin Colistin Kanamycin
27
Lecinthinase
Tests for degrading lecithin to insoluble diglycerides Positive reaction is white, opaque zone around growth
28
Lipase
Tests for degrading triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids Positive reaction is a pearly, iridescent sheen
29
EYA (Egg Yolk Agar)
Used for detection of Lecithinase and Lipase
30
Clostridium perfringens
Most frequently isolated
31
Clostidium perfringens causes
Bacteremia Cellulitis Intra-abdominal abscesses Female genital tract infections Gas gangrene Myonecrosis
32
Clostridium perfringens identification
Complete hemolysis zone: Theta-toxin Partial hemolysis zone: Phospholipase C Lecinthinase Positive Reverse CAMP Positive
33
Clostridioides difficile
Normal flora in 30% neonates and 3-5% in healthy adults Only toxigenic strains cause disease Produce toxins A and B
34
Clostridioides difficile causes
Antibiotic-associated diarrhea Pseudomembranous colitis
35
Clostridioides difficile identification
Spores are subterminal CCFA - yellow, ground-glass appearance Fluoresce Chartreuse EIA for Toxin A and Toxin B PCR
36
Clostridium botulinum
Found in soil and water Can contaminate food and wounds
37
Clostridium botulinum causes
Botulisum Neurotoxins which cause descending flaccid paralysis
38
Infant Botulism
Young children ingest the organism (usually via honey) Floppy Baby Syndrome
39
Clostridium botulinum identification
Clinical labs are not equipped to culture or detect the toxin Send to reference labs (stools, food items, serum, wound material)
40
Clostridium speticum
Associated with leukemia, lymphoma, and large bowel carcinoma
41
Clostridium septicum causes
Muscle necrosis Bacteremia
42
Clostridium septicum identification
Beta-hemolytic with rhizoid margin Spores are subterminal Lecinthinase Positive Lipase Negative Indole Negative Esculin Positive
43
Clostridium tetani
Found in soil and intestinal tracts of many animals Enters through wound
44
Clostridium tetani causes
Tetanus Neuortoxin that causes severe muscle spasms
45
Clostridium tetani identification
Swarming colony Spores are terminal
46
Clostridium sordellii causes
Gas gangrene Myonecrosis Associated with black tar heroin
47
Clostridium sordellii
Produces 7 exotoxins Lethal and hemorrhagic are the most virulent
48
Clostridium sordellii identification
Spores are subterminal Translucent to opaque colony with mottled appearance Lecinthinase Positive Lipase Negative Indole Positive Urea Positive
49
Actinomyces species
Inhabit surfaces of human and animal mucosa Actinomyces israelii is most common
50
Actinomyces species causes
Infection of head, neck, chest, and abdomen Women with intrauterine devices are at increased risk for pelvic infections Lesions are suppurative and form draining sinus tracts
51
Actinomyces species identification
Pus can be examined for sulfur granules Straight to slightly curved rod Partial Acid Fast Negative Nitrate Positive Catalase Negative
52
Cutibacterium acnes
Part of normal micro flora Opportunistic infection
53
Cutibacterium acnes causes
Infections of skin, conjunctiva, bone, joints, and central nervous system Associated with surgical procedures or foreign bodies such as prosthetic valves and devices Endocarditis Surgical wounds Prosthetic Wound
54
Cutibacterium acnes identification
Catalase Positive Indole Positive
55
Propionibacterium species
Catalase Positive Indole Negative
56
Eggerthella/Eubacterium species
Found in the mouth and intestinal tract Eggerthella lenta is most commonly isolated
57
Eggerthella/Eubacterium identification
Pleomorphic GPB Catalase Negative Indole Negative Nitrate Negative *** E. lenta is Nitrate Positive ***
58
Bifidobacterium species
Found as part of endogenous microflora Commonly found in mouth and intestinal tract
59
Bifidobacterium species causes
Opportunistic pathogen
60
Bifidobacterium species identification
GPCB or long branching rods Catalase Negative Indole Negative Nitrate Negative Bile Esculin Positive
61
Lactobacillus species
Normal biota in human mouth, GI tract, and female genital tract
62
Lactobacillus species causes
Endocarditis
63
Clinically significant GPC
Finegoldia magna Peptostreptococcus anaerobius Parvimonas micra
64
Peptostreptococcus anaerobius
Susceptible to SPS (Sodium Polyanethol Sulfonate)
65
Peptoniphilus species
Resistant to SPS Indole Positive
66
Bacteroides fragilis group
60% of all anaerobic infections Resistant to antimicrobial agents
67
Bacteroides fragilis group identification
Kanamycin Resistant Vancomycin resistant Colistin Resistant Bile Resistant
68
Campylobacter ureolyticus causes
Periodontal disease Serious infections of head and neck
69
Campylobacter ureolyticus identification
Pit the agar Kanamycin Susceptible Colistin Susceptible Vancomycin Resistant Bile Susceptible Catalase Negative Indole Negative Nitrate Positive
70
Prevotella species
pigmented or non-pigmented GNCB
71
Prevotella species identification
Kanamycin Resistant Vancomycin Resistant Bile Susceptible Fluoresce Red
72
Porphyromonas species
Requires hemin and vitamin K for growth Kanamycin Resistant Colistin Resistant Vancomycin Susceptible Bile Susceptible Indole Positive
73
Fusobacterium species
Fusobacterium nucleatum Fusobacterium necrophorum Fusobacterium mortiferum
74
Fusobacterium nucleatum
Most commonly isolated species
75
Fusobacterium nucleatum identification
Bread crumb-like colony Fluoresces Chartreuse Bile Susceptible Indole Positive Lipase Negative
76
Fusobacterium necrophorum causes
LeMeirres Disease Jugular vein thrombosis Patient is young adult Sore throat lasting more than 2 weeks with negative strep
77
Fusobacterium necrophorum identification
Fluoresce Chartreuse Indole Positive Bile Susceptible Lipase Positive
78
Veillonella species
Rarely isolated GNC
79
Veillonella species identification
Nitrate Positive Fluoresce Red Bile Susceptible Kanamycin Susceptible Colistin Susceptible Vancomycin Resistant
80
Clostridium sporogenes
Lipase Positive
81
Clostridium novyi A
Lecthinase Positive Lipase Positive
82
Clostridium limosum
Lecthinase Positive Lipase Negative Spot Indole Negative Gelatin hydrolysis Positive
83
Clostridium barati
Lecthinase Positive Lipase Negative Spot Indole Negative Gelatin hydrolysis Negative
84
Clostridium bifermentans
Lecthinase Positive Lipase Negative Spot Indole Positive Urease Negative

Microbiology (9 decks)

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