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bspharma2 > ANAEROBIC BACTERIA > Flashcards

ANAEROBIC BACTERIA Flashcards

1
Q

Bacilli (rods)
gram negative - anatomic site

A

B. fragilis group - colon, mouth
P. melaninogenica - mouth, colon,
genitourinary tract
Fusobacterium - mouth

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2
Q

Bacilli (rods) - anatomic site
gram positive

A

Actinomyces - mouth
Cutibacterium - skin
Clostridium - colon

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3
Q

Cocci (spheres) - anatomic site
gram positive

A

Peptoniphilus - mouth, colon, skin,
genitourinary tract
Pepstostreptococcus - mouth, colon,
skin, genitourinary tract
peptococcus

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4
Q

ANAEROBIC BACTERIA

A
  • most common flora of the colon
  • Bacteroidetes
  • Firmicutes
  • Actinobacteria
  • Verrucomicrobiota
  • Fusobacterium
  • Proteobacteria
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5
Q

ANAEROBIC BACTERIA

A
  • usually do not have the following metabolic systems found in aerobes:

1- cytochrome systems for the metabolism of O2
2- superoxide dimutase (SOD), catalyzes the following reactions:
gas bubbles

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6
Q

brain abscesses

A

Peptostreptococci
F. nucleatum
and others

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7
Q

oropharyngeal infections

A

Oropharyngeal anaerobes;
Actinomyces,
P. melaninogenica
Fusobacterium species

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8
Q

Pleuropulmonary infections

A

Peptostreptococci
P. melaninogenica
Fusobacterium species
B. fragilis in 20-25 %
others

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9
Q

intra-abdominal infections

A

Liver abscess:
mixed anaerobes in 40- 90%;
facultative organisms

abdominal abscesses:
B. fragilis;
other gastro intestinal flora

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10
Q

Female genital tract infections

A

vulvar abscesses:
Peptostreptococci and others

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11
Q

Skin, soft tissue, and bone infections

A

mixed anaerobic flora;
cutibacterium acnes

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12
Q

bactermia

A

B. fragilis;
peptostreptococci;
propionibacteria;
fusobacteria;
clostridium and other

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13
Q

endocarditis

A

B. fragilis
actinomyces

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14
Q

ANAEROBIC INFECTIONS

A
  • caused by combinations of bacteria that function in synergistic
    pathogenicity (polymicrobial)
    • about 25% have anaerobes alone
    • about 25% have facultative anaerobes alone
    • about 50% have both anaerobes and facultative anaerobes
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15
Q

ANAEROBIC INFECTIONS CLINICAL
FINDINGS

A
  1. Foul-smelling discharge (caused by short-chain fatty-acid
    products of anaerobic metabolism)
  2. Infection in proximity to a mucosal surface (anaerobes are
    part of the normal microbiota)
  3. Gas in tissues (production of CO2 and H2)
  4. Negative aerobic culture results
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16
Q

ANAEROBIC CULTURE MEDIUM

A
  • Trypticase soy agar base
  • Schaedler’s blood agar
  • Brucella agar
  • Brain–heart infusion agar
17
Q

ANAEROBIC INFECTIONS TREATMENT

A
  • Surgical drainage + Antimicrobial therapy
18
Q

Cutibacterium acnes

A
  • formerly Propionibacterium acnes
  • an opportunistic pathogen
  • anaerobic unlike the other gram-
    positive bacilli
  • Clinical Finding: Acne Vulgaris
  • due to splitting of free fatty acids
    off from skin lipids by lipase
19
Q

Gardnerella vaginalis

A
  • facultative anaerobe, gram-variable bacilli
  • Clinical Finding: Bacterial Vaginosis (no signs of inflammation)
  • vaginal discharge with “fishy” odor (whiff test)
  • pH of the vaginal secretions is greater than 4.5 (normal pH is <4.5)
  • associated with premature rupture of membranes and preterm labor and
    birth
  • Microscopy: clue cells (vaginal epithelial cells covered w/ gram-variable
    bacilli)
  • Treatment: Metronidazole
20
Q

UNUSUAL BACTERIAL PATHOGENS

A
  • Bartonella
  • Streptobacillus moniliformis
  • Tropheryma whipplei
21
Q

Bartonella sp.

A
  • intracellular, gram-negative rods
  • pleomorphic, slow growing, and difficult to isolate in the lab
  • seen in infected tissues stained with the Warthin-Starry silver
    impregnation stain
22
Q

Bartonella bacilliformis

A
  • Oroya Fever
    • initial stage
    • serious infectious anemia
    • hepatosplenomegaly
    • hemorrhage into lymph nodes
  • Verruga Peruana
    • eruptive stage
    • vascular nodular skin lesions
23
Q

Bartonella henselae

A
  • Cat-Scratch Disease
    • benign, self-limiting illness
    • fever and lymphadenopathy
    • develops 1–3 weeks after contact
      with a cat (scratch, lick, bite, or
      perhaps a flea bite)
  • Bacillary Angiomatosis
    • disease predominantly of
      immunosuppressed individuals
    • enlarging red (cranberry-like)
      papule, often with surrounding
      scale and erythema
24
Q

Bartonella quintana

A
  • Trench Fever (Quintan Fever)
    • sudden onset of fever
      accompanied by headache,
      malaise, restlessness, shin pain
25
Q

Streptobacillus moniliformis

A
  • aerobic, gram-negative, highly pleomorphic
  • forms irregular chains of bacilli
  • Clinical Finding:
    • Rat-Bite Fever
      • through rat bite
      • septic fever, blotchy and
        petechial rashes, and very
        painful polyarthritis
  • Haverhill Fever
    * through ingestion of
    contaminated milk
26
Q

Tropheryma whipplei

A
  • an actinomycete
  • Clinical Finding: Whipple Disease
    • fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea,
      weight loss, and migratory
      polyarthralgia
    • most commonly in middle-aged
      men

bspharma2 (18 decks)

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