Anaemia

Question 1

not enough of all blood cells? just red? just white, just platelets?

Answer 1

pancytopaenia, anaemia, leukopaenia, thrombocytopaenia

Question 2

too many of red cells? white? platelets?

Answer 2

polycythaemia, leukocytosis, thrombocytosis

Question 3

red cells dont work properly?

Answer 3

dyserythropoiesis

Question 4

anaemia is defined…

Answer 4

Hb levels below that which is normal for age and gender

Question 5

single most important physiological equation related to blood?
Measurements

Answer 5

Tissue oxygen delivery = CO x Hb x %sat x 1.34.

l/min x g/l x % x mls/g = mls/min

Question 6

6 clinical signs of anaemia

Answer 6

pale, lethargic, tachycardic, hypoxic, ischaemic, failure to thrive

Question 7

an increase in reticulocytes is a sign of what?

Answer 7

increase production of RBCs

Question 8

name one sign of increased destruction of RBCs (apart from anaemic clinical symptoms)? why?

Answer 8

jaundice. breakdown of RBCs releases unconjugated bilirubin

Question 9

next step after haemolysis in a differential diagram

Answer 9

internal to RBC or external to RBC

Question 10

next step after internal to RBC in a haemolysis differential diagram

Answer 10

Membrane, enzymes or Hb

Question 11

next step after external to RBc in a haemolysis differential diagram

Answer 11

immune mediated, infection or mechanical

Question 12

next step after anaemia in a differential diagram

Answer 12

failure to produce, loss/destruction, produced malfunctioning cells

Question 13

above and below haematinics in a differential

Answer 13

above is failure to produce, below is microcytic or macrocytic

Question 14

2 main reasons for microcytic anaemia, one for child and one for adult

Answer 14

iron defficiency (diet) and blood loss (colon cancer)

Question 15

lack of B12 or folate can cause macrocytic anaemia, why?

Answer 15

they needed for DNA replication. cells grow big coz cannot produce DNA quickly enough to divide at the right time