ANACHEM 3 Flashcards
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS IS A PROCESS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF A ____
WHICH ALLOWS TO DETERMINE WHAT ____ ARE INCLUDED INTO THE ______, ___, OR ____ ARE IN ITS ____
SUBSTANCE
ELEMENTS
SAMPLE TESTED
WHAT IONS
FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
MOLECULES
COMPOSTION
CLASSICAL LAB COURSES IN IO QUALI ANALYSOS ARE BASED ON _____ TO IDENTIFY ___
CHEMICAL TESTS
INORGANIC IONS
Q.A. EXTERNAL REACTIONS (3)
-PRECIPITATES OF CERTAIN COLOR
-COLOR CHANGES
- ELIMINATION OF EVOVLVING GASEOUS PRODUCTS (W/O OR A CERTAIN ODOR)
IN A QA SCHEME OBJECTIVE IS TO
CONFIRM PRESENCE / ABSENCE OF A CERTAIN MATERIALS
TWO DISTINCT PHASES
1) SCHEME TO SEPERATE IONS
2) A TEST TO CONFIRM IDENTITY OF EACH SEPERATED ION
USED TO SEPERATE AND DETECT CATIONS AND ANIONS
QUALI ANALYSIS
THE CHEM SUBSTANCE THAT DISSOLVE TO WATER
SOLUBLE SUBSTANCE
DO NOT DISSOLVE IN WATER
INSOLUBLE
INSOLUBLE THAT MAKES WATER CLOUDY
PRECIPITATION
SOLID ON THE BOTTOM OF TEST T
PRECIPITATE
BASES OF QA (2)
PRECIPITATION AND SOLUBILITY PRINCIPLES
OCCURS WHEN CATIONS AND ANIONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION
PRECIPITATION REACTION
INSOLUBLE IONIC SOLID
PRECIPITATE
EX OF REACTION DEPENDENT ON TEMPERATURE
BUFFERS
SOLIDS IN PRECIPITATE
CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS
REMAINING FLUID?
SUPERNATANT LIQUID
METHODS OF SEPERATION (3)
FILTRATION
CENTRIFUGING
DECANTING
MOST PRECIPITATION ARE ___ OR ______
SINGLE OR DOUBLE REPLACEMENT REACTIONS
OCCURS WHEN TWO IONIC REACTANTS DISASSOCIATE BASED ON CHARGE
DOUBLE REPLACEMENT REACTION
DOUBLE REPLACEMENT IS CLASSIFIED AS __ REACTION
PRECIPITATION
WHETER REACTION FORMS A PRECIPITATE IS DICTATED BY:
SOLUBILITY RULES
Salts formed with group 1 cations and
NH4+ cations are soluble. There are some
exceptions for certain Li+ salts. (T or F)
T
2) Acetates (C2H3O2−), nitrates (NO3−),
and perchlorates (ClO4−) are soluble.
T
Bromides, chlorides, and iodides are
soluble.
T
Sulfates (SO4)2− are soluble with the
exception of sulfates formed with Ca2+,
Sr2+, and Ba2+
T
Salts containing silver, lead, and mercury
(I) are insoluble.
T
Carbonates (CO3)2−, phosphates
(PO4)3−, sulfides, oxides, and hydroxides
(OH)− are insoluble. Sulfides formed with
group 2 cations and hydroxides formed with
calcium, strontium, and barium are
exceptions.
T
POSITIVE CHARGED IONS
CATIONS
PROCEDURE THAT SEPERATE GROUPS OF ION
SEPERATIONS
TEST THAT DETERMINE THAT AN ION IS PRESENT
CONFIRMATORY TEST
GROUP NAME AND REAGENT: I
- SILVER GROUP
- DILUTE HCL
GROUP NAME AND REAGENT: II
- COPPER GROUP
- HCL + H2S
GROUP NAME AND REAGENT: IIIA
- IRON ALUMINUM GROUP
- NH4OH + NH4CL
GROUP NAME AND REAGENT: IIIB
- ZINC GROUP
- NH4OH + NH4CL + H2S
GROUP NAME AND REAGENT: IV
- ALKALINE EARTH GROUP
- NH4OH+ NH4CL + (NH4)2CO3
GROUP NAME AND REAGENT: V
- NO GORUP REAGENT
- ALKALI METAL GROUP
RECITE ALL REAGENT FOR EACH GROUP
1 - HCL
2 - H2S
3 - NAOH
4 - NA2CO3
THE IONIZATION OF A WEAK ELECTROLYTE IS SUPPRESSED IF A STRONG ELECTROLYTE WITH A COMMON ION IS ADDED TO IT
LAW OF COMMON ION EFFECT
LAW OF COMMON ION EFFECT: THE ____ OF A WEAK ELECTROLYTE IS ___ IF A STRONG ELECTROLYTE WITH A COMMON ION IS ADDED TO IT
IONIZATION
SUPPRESSED
