ANA PHY SUMMARY Flashcards
is the scientific discipline that investigates the
structure of the body—for example, the parts and chambers of the heart. The
word ____ means to dissect, or cut apart and separate, the parts of the
body for study
anatomy
There are two basic approaches to the study of anatomy:
(1) systemic
anatomy and (2) regional anatomy
is the study of the
body by systems, such as the cardiovascular, nervous, skeletal, and muscular
systems.
Systemic anatomy
is the
study of the organization of the body by areas.
REGIONAL ANATOMY
Anatomists have two general ways to examine the internal structures of a
living person:
(1) surface anatomy and (2) anatomical imaging.
is the study of external features, such as bony projections, which
serve as landmarks for locating deeper structures.
SURFACE ANATOMY
involves the use of x-rays, ultrasound,
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and other technologies to create pictures
of internal structures, such as when determining if a bone is broken or a
ligament is torn.
ANATOMICAL IMAGING
THE STUDY OF NATURE
PHYSIOLOGY
is the scientific
discipline that deals with the processes or functions of living things—it is
important in physiology to recognize structures as dynamic
PHYSIOLOGY
There are two
major goals when studying physiology:
(1) examining the body’s responses to
stimuli and (2) examining the body’s maintenance of stable internal
conditions.
is the study of humans. Like anatomy,
physiology can be studied at multiple levels.
HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
focuses on processes inside cells such as the manufacturing of
substances, including proteins,
CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
focuses on
the functions of organ systems.
SYSTEMIC PHYSIOLOGY
The body can be studied at six structural levels:
chemical, cell, tissue, organ,
organ system, and organism
are the basic structural and functional units of organisms, such as
plants and animals.
CELLS
Most cells contain smaller structures inside them, called
ORGANELLES
a group of similar cells and the materials surrounding
them.
TISSUE
The many tissues that make up the body are
classified into four primary types: ECMN
(1) epithelial, (2) connective, (3) muscle,
and (4) nervous.
is composed of two or more tissue types that
together perform one or more common functions.
ORGAN
a group of organs that together perform a common
function or set of functions.
ORGAN SYSTEM
In this text, we
consider eleven major organ systems:
ISMNECLRDUR
(1) integumentary, (2) skeletal, (3)
muscular, (4) nervous, (5) endocrine, (6) cardiovascular, (7) lymphatic, (8)
respiratory, (9) digestive, (10) urinary, and (11) reproductive.
any living thing considered as a whole, whether composed of
one cell, such as a bacterium, or of trillions of cells, such as a human.
ORGANISM OR HUMAN ORGANISM
