ANA 211 Lower Limb 2 Compartments of the thigh Flashcards
What are the compartments of the thigh?
Anterior
Posterior
Medial
What are the compartments of the thigh separated by?
fascia or 3 intermuscular septa
What muscles is the anterior compartment of the thigh made up of? What is it’s nerve supply?
Extensors of the knee:
Quadriceps femoris
Flexors of hip (SIPP):
1. Sartorius
2. Pectineus
3. Psoas major
4. Iliacus
Nerve supply: Femoral nerve
What muscles is the posterior compartment of the thigh made up of? What is it’s nerve supply?
Flexors of knee & extensors of hip:
Hamstrings
Nerve supply:
Sciatic nerve
What muscles is the posterior compartment of the thigh made up of? What is it’s nerve supply?
Flexors of knee & extensors of hip:
Hamstrings
Nerve supply:
Sciatic nerve
What muscles is the medial compartment of the thigh made up of? What is it’s nerve supply?
Adductors of hip:
1. Adductor longus
2. Adductor brevis
3. Adductor magnus
(adductor part)
4. Gracilis
Nerve supply: Obturator nerve
Which muscles make up the quadriceps femoris?
- Vastus intermedius (deep to rectus femoris)
- Vastus medialis
- Vastus lateralis
- Rectus femoris
Origin of the sartorius
Anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion of the sartorius
Upper part of the medial surface of the tibia
Action of the sartorius
Tailors position
1.Flexion, abduction & lateral rotation of hip joint
2.Flexion of knee joint
Action of the pectineus
ACTION:
Flexion & adduction of the hip joint
(It only acts on the hip join)
Action of the iliacus and psoas major
ACTION:
Chief flexors of the hip
Medial rotation of the thigh
Origin of pectineus
Superior pubic ramus
Insertion of pectineus
Back of the femur, inferior to the lesser trochanter
Innervation of the pectineus
femoral nerve L2, L3 L4
Describe the psoas major and iliacus
They arise within the abdomen and fuse with each other as they enter the thigh (forming the iliopsoas), posterior to the inguinal ligament, the femoral nerve, and the lateral part of the femoral sheath.
They are separated inferiorly by a bursa
Origin of the psoas major
Vertebral bodies of T12-L4
Origin of iliacus muscle
The origin of the iliacus spans anteriorly in the iliac fossa as far as the anterior superior and anterior inferior iliac spines.
Insertion of iliopsoas
Lesser trochanter of the femur
Origin of rectus femoris
straight head - Anterior inferior iliac spine (Hip bone)
reflected head - ilium superior to acetabulum
Origin of vastus intermedius
Front of shaft of femur
Origin of vastus medius
Posterior border of femur
Origin of vastus lateralis
Root of the greater trochanter to the lateral supracondylar line
Insertion of quadricep femoris
Into PATELLA by quadriceps tendon
From patella into the tuberosity of tibia through patella ligament
Action of quadriceps femoris
Extensor of the knee
Origin of gracilis muscle
Anterior body of pubis, inferior pubic ramus, ischial ramus
Insertion of gracilis muscle
Medial surface of the proximal shaft of the tibia
Innervation of gracilis muscle
Obturator nerve [L2,L3]
Action of gracilis muscle
Adducts thigh at hip joint and flexes leg at knee joint
Origin of adductor longus
is triangular in shape and forms in the floor of the femoral triangle and adductor canal.
The anterior surface of the body of the pubis, lateral to the pubic ramus
Insertion of adductor longus
Linea aspera on middle one-third of shaft of femur
Innervation of adductor longus
Obturator nerve (anterior division) [L2,L3,L4]
Action of adductor longus
Adductor of the thigh
Origin of adductor brevis
External surface of body of pubis and inferior pubic ramus
(below the origin of the adductor longus)
Insertion of adductor brevis
upper one-third of linea aspera
Innervation of adductor brevis
Obturator nerve (L2 and L3)
Action of the adductor brevis
Adducts thigh at hip joint
Origin of adductor magnus
Adductor part-ischiopubic ramus
Hamstring part: lower part of ischial tuberosity
Insertion of adductor magnus
Adductor part- Posterior surface of proximal femur, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line
Hamstring part: adductor tubercle and supracondylar line
Innervation of adductus magnus
Adductor part: Obturator nerve [L2,L3,L4
Hamstring part: Sciatic nerve
Action of adductor magnus
Adducts and medially rotates thigh at hip joint
What is the femoral triangle?
It is a deep hollow in the medial aspect of the proximal thigh, inferior to the inguinal ligament.
The inguinal region is the junction between the lower limbs and the abdomen.
Boundaries of the femoral triangle
Base:
Inguinal ligament
Medially:
Medial border of the adductor longus muscle
Laterally:
Medial border of the sartorius muscle
Roof:
Skin, superficial & deep fascia.
Floor: (from media to lateral)
(Adductor longus, Pectineus, Psoas major, Iliacus)
Contents of the femoral triangle
Femoral vein
Femoral artery
Both vein & artery are enclosed in a fascial envelope (Femoral sheath)
Femoral nerve
Deep inguinal lymph nodes
What is the adductor canal
The adductor canal, also known as Hunter’s canal or subsartorial canal, is an intermuscular passageway for the femoral vein and artery
Location of adductor canal
Distal 2/3 of the medial aspect of the thigh
Boundaries of adductor canal
Proximal border: Apex of femoral triangle
Distal border: Adductor hiatus
Anterolateral border: Vastus medialis muscle
Anteromedial border: Subsartorial fascia
Posteromedial border: Adductor longus and magnus muscles
Origin, insertion, innervation and action of bicep femoris
O: Long head- upper area of the ischial tuberosity; short head-lateral lip of linea aspera
I: Head of fibula
N: Sciatic nerve [L5 to S2]
A: Flexes leg at knee joint; extends and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint and laterally rotates leg at knee joint
What are hamstrings?
The word ham originally referred to the fat and muscle behind the knee. String refers to tendons, and
Thus, the hamstrings are the string-like tendons felt on either side of the back of the knee.
they include the semitendinosus and semimembranosus muscle
Origin of the Semitendinosus Muscle
Ischial tuberosity
Insertion of the semitendinosus muscle
Medial surface of superior part of tibia
Action of semitendinosus muscle
Extend thigh; flex leg and rotate it medially when knee is flexed
When thigh and leg are flexed, these muscles can extend trunk
Origin of semimembranous muscle
Ischial tuberosity
Insertion of the semimembranous muscle
Posterior part of medial condyle of femur and tibia;
reflected attachment forms oblique popliteal ligament (to lateral femoral condyle)
Nerve supply of semimembranous muscle
Tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)
Describe a pulled hamstring
This is straining of the hamstring, defined as an excessive stretch or tear of muscle fibers and related tissues.
Usually, happen in athletes.
Very painful. Often results from inadequate warming up.
Describe the use of hamstring tendons for grafting
The distal semitendinosus tendon is one of the tendons that can be used in the ACL reconstruction.
In this procedure, a piece of it is used to replace ACL.
The ACL is one of the four major ligaments in the knee
ACL stands for
anterior cruciate ligament
What is a hernia?
A hernia occurs when an internal organ or other body part protrudes through the wall of muscle or tissue that normally contains it.
What is the most superficial muscle of the anterior compartment of the thigh?
Rectus femoris muscle
Why is the rectus femoris the only quadricep femoris muscle that acts on the hip?
It is the only one of the 4 muscles that originates on the hip, the others originate on the femur
Adductor hiatus
Space between the adductor and hamstring part of the adductor magnum that allows the passage of the femoral artery and vein
Origin of obturator externus
External surface of obturator membrane and adjacent bone
Insertion of obturator externus
Trochanteric fossa
Innervation of obturator externus
Obturator nerve (posterior division) L3, L4
Action of obturator externus
Externally (laterally) rotates the thigh at the hip joint
What are the arteries that enter the thigh?
Femoral artery
Obturator artery
Inferior gluteal artery
Which artery of the thigh is the largest and supplies most of the Lower limb
Femoral artery
Discuss the anatomical basis for a femoral herniation
The femoral ring is a weak area in the anterior abdominal wall. The femoral ring is the usual originating site of a femoral hernia, a protrusion of the abdominal viscera (often a loop of small intestine) through the femoral ring into the femoral canal.
Femoral hernias are more common in females because of their wider pelvis and smaller inguinal canals and rings. This type of hernia may also occur after multiple pregnancies due to enlargement of the femoral ring over time from increased intra-abdominal pressure forcing fat into the femoral canal. Femoral hernias may cause hip or abdominal pain.
Strangulation of a femoral hernia
may occur because of the sharp, rigid boundaries of the femoral ring, particularly the concave margin of the lacunar ligament. Strangulation of a femoral hernia interferes with the blood supply to the herniated intestine. This
vascular impairment may result in necrosis (death of the tissues).
Blood supply to the posterior compartment of the thigh
inferior gluteal and the perforating branches of the profunda femoris artery
