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Anatomy > ANA 201 Upper Limb 4 Anterior and posterior Forearm > Flashcards

ANA 201 Upper Limb 4 Anterior and posterior Forearm Flashcards

1
Q

The distal end of the bone is marked by two facets for articulation with which bones of the wrist?

A

Scaphoid and lunnate

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2
Q

What are the two proximal projections of the ulna

A

Proximally, the ulna bone has two projections, one projecting proximally from the posterior aspect called the OLECRANON.

The second project anteriorly called the CORONOID PROCESS.

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3
Q

Muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm are extensors T/F

A

FALSE They are flexors

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4
Q

Which nerve innervates all the muscles in the anterior compartment of the fore-arm?

A

the median nerve,

except for the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle and the medial half of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle, which are innervated by the ulnar nerve.

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5
Q

Origin of pronator teres

A

Humeral head-medial epicondyle and adjacent supraepicondylar ridge;

ulnar head-medial side of coronoid process

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6
Q

Insertion of pronator teres

A

Roughening on lateral surface, mid-shaft, of radius

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7
Q

Innervation of pronator teres

A

Median nerve (C6,C7)

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8
Q

Action of pronator teres

A

Flexes and abducts the wrist

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9
Q

Origin of flexor carpi radialis

A

Medial epicondyle of humerus

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10
Q

Insertion of flexor carpi radialis

A

Base of metacarpals II and III

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11
Q

Innervation of the flexor carpi radialis

A

Median nerve (C6,C7)

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12
Q

Action of flexor carpi radialis

A

Pronation

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13
Q

Origin of palmaris longus

A

Medial epicondyle of humerus

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14
Q

Insertion of palmaris longus

A

Palmar aponeurosis of hand

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15
Q

Innervation of palmaris longus

A

Median nerve C6, C7

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16
Q

Action of palmaris longus

A

Flexes wrist joint; because the palmar aponeurosis anchors skin of the hand, contraction of the muscle resists shearing forces when gripping

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17
Q

Origin of flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Humeral head-medial epicondyle of humerus;
ulnar head-olecranon and posterior border of ulna

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18
Q

Insertion of flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Pisiform bone, and then via pisohamate and pisometacarpal ligaments into the hamate and base of metacarpal V

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19
Q

Innervation of flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Ulnar nerve (C7,C8, T1)

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20
Q

Action of flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Flexes and adducts the wrist joint

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21
Q

Origin of flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Humero-ulnar head-medial epicondyle of humerus and adjacent margin of coronoid process;

radial head- oblique line of radius

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22
Q

Insertion of flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Four tendons, which attach to the palmar surfaces of the MIDDLE phalanges of the index, middle, ring, and little fingers

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23
Q

Innervation of flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Median nerve [C8,T1]

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24
Q

Action of flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Flexes PROXIMAL interphalangeal joints of the index, middle, ring, and little fingers; can also flex metacarpophalangeal joints of the same fingers and the wrist joint

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25
Q

Origin of the flexor digitorum profundus

A

Anterior and medial surfaces of ulna and anterior medial half of interosseous membrane

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26
Q

Insertion of flexor digitorum profundus

A

Four tendons, which attach to the palmar surfaces of the DISTAL phalanges of the index, middle, ring, and little fingers

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27
Q

Innervation of flexor digitorum profundus

A

Lateral half by median nerve (anterior interosseous nerve); medial half by ulnar nerve [C8,T1]

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28
Q

Action of flexor digitorum profundus

A

Flexes distal interphalangeal joints of the index, middle, ring, and little fingers; can also flex metacarpophalangeal joints of the same fingers and the wrist joint

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29
Q

Origin of flexor pollicis longus

A

Anterior surface of radius and radial half of inter-osseous membrane

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30
Q

Insertion of flexor pollicis longus

A

Palmar surface of base of distal phalanx of thumb

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31
Q

Innervation of flexor pollicis longus

A

Median nerve (anterior interosseous nerve) [C7,C8]

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32
Q

Action of flexor pollicis longus

A

Flexes interphalangeal joint of the thumb; can also flex metacarpo-phalangeal joint of the thumb

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33
Q

Origin of pronator quadratus

A

Linear ridge on distal anterior surface of ulna

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34
Q

Insertion of pronator quadratus

A

Distal anterior surface of radius

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35
Q

Innervation of pronator quadratus

A

Median nerve (anterior interosseous nerve) [C7,C8]

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36
Q

Action of pronator quadratus

A

Pronation

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37
Q

List the muscles in the superficial anterior compartment of the arm

A

Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Palmaris longus

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37
Q

List the muscles in the intermediate anterior compartment of the arm

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

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37
Q

List the muscles in the deep anterior compartment of the arm

A

Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Pronator quadratus

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38
Q

The flexor compartment of the forearm is the

A

anterior compartment

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39
Q

The extensor compartment of the forearm is the

A

posterior compartment

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40
Q

What joins the radius and ulna bone at their shaft and separates the anterior and posterior compartments?

A

The interosseous membrane

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41
Q

Medial epicondylitis is also known as_
and is caused by _

A

golfers elbow
overuse of anterior compartment muscles

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42
Q

Function of the anterior compartment of the forearm

A

Flexion of the wrist and pronation

43
Q

Lateral epicondylitis is also known as_
and is caused by _

A

Tennis elbow
overuse of posterior compartment muscles

44
Q

Describe the radial artery

A
  1. deep to the brachioradialis muscle in the proximal half of the forearm;

2.related on its lateral side to the superficial branch of the radial nerve in the middle third of the forearm;

  1. medial to the tendon of the brachioradialis muscle
  2. covered only by deep fascia, superficial fascia, and skin in the distal forearm.
45
Q

What are the branches of the radial artery?

A
  1. a RADIAL RECURRENT ARTERY, which contributes to an anastomotic network around the elbow joint and to numerous vessels that supply muscles on the lateral side of the forearm;
  2. a small PALMER CARPAL BRANCH contributes to an anastomotic network of vessels that supplies the carpal bones and joints;
  3. at the level of the styloid process, a somewhat larger branch, the SUPERFICIAL PALMER BRANCH enters the hand by passing superficially through, the thenar muscles at the base of the thumb, which anastomoses with the superficial palmar arch formed by the ulnar artery.
46
Q

Describe the ulnar artery

A

The ulnar artery is larger than the radial artery and passes down the medial side of the forearm.
It leaves the cubital fossa by passing deep to the pronator teres muscle, and then passes through the forearm in the fascial plane between flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor digitorum profundus muscles.

47
Q

Why is the ulnar artery not easily palpable?

A

Because in the distal forearm, the ulnar artery often remains tucked under the anterolateral lip of the flexor carpi ulnaris tendon

48
Q

The ulnar artery is medial to the ulnar nerve T/F

A

TRUE

49
Q

What are the superficial veins of the forearm?

A

The main superficial veins of the forearm are the cephalic, basilic, median cubital, and antebrachial veins and their tributaries.

50
Q

Discuss the cephalic vein

A

The cephalic vein forms over the anatomical snuff box from the tributaries that arise from the lateral side of the dorsal venous network (arch).
It ascends along the lateral border of the forearm and communicates with the basilic vein through the median cubital vein.
It then ascends along the lateral side of the arm and empties into the axillary vein.

51
Q

Describe the basilic vein

A

The basilic vein arises from the medial side of the dorsal venous arch and ascends posteromedially in the forearm, reaching the anterior surface just distal to the elbow, where it is joined by the median cubital vein.

52
Q

Describe the median antebrachial vein

A

The median antebrachial vein drains subcutaneous tissue in the anterior aspect of the wrist and forearm.
It begins in the superficial venous palmar arch and usually ends in the basilic vein.

53
Q

Describe the deep veins of the forearm

A

From the lateral side of the arcade, paired radial vein accompany the radial artery while on the medial side paired ulnar vein accompany the ulnar artery.
These veins anastomose with each other freely.

54
Q

The tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis splits to make a passage for what tendon?

A

Tendon of the flexor digitorum profundus

55
Q

The muscles in the superficial layer of the posterior compartment of the arm

A

the brachioradialis,
extensor carpi radialis longus,
extensor carpi radialis brevis,
extensor digitorum,
extensor digiti minimi,
extensor carpi ulnaris,
and anconeus

56
Q

Origin of the brachialis muscle

A

Proximal part of lateral supraepicondylar ridge of humerus and adjacent inter-muscular septum

57
Q

Insertion of the brachialis muscle

A

Lateral surface of distal end of radius

58
Q

innervation of brachialis

A

Radial nerve [C5,C6] before division into superficial and deep branches

59
Q

action of brachialis

A

Accessory flexor of elbow joint when forearm is mid-pronated

60
Q

Origin of Extensor carpi radialis longus

A

Distal part of lateral supraepicondylar ridge of humerus and adjacent intermuscular septum

61
Q

Insertion of Extensor carpi radialis longus

A

Dorsal surface of base of metacarpal II

62
Q

Innervation of Extensor carpi radialis longus

A

Radial nerve [C6,C7] before division into superficial and deep branches

63
Q

Action of Extensor carpi radialis longus

A

Extends and abducts the wrist

64
Q

Origin of Extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus and adjacent intermuscular septum

65
Q

Insertion of Extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

Dorsal surface of base of metacarpals II and III

66
Q

Action Extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

Extends and abducts the wrist

67
Q

Innervation of Extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

Deep branch of radial nerve [C7,C8] before penetrating supinator muscle

68
Q

Origin of Extensor digitorum

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus and adjacent intermuscular septum and deep fascia

69
Q

Insertion of Extensor digitorum

A

Four tendons, which insert via ‘extensor hoods’ into the dorsal aspects of the bases of the middle and distal phalanges of the index, middle, ring, and little fingers

70
Q

innervation Extensor digitorum

A

Posterior interosseous nerve [C7,C8]

71
Q

Action of Extensor digitorum

A

Extends the index, middle, ring, and little fingers; can also extend the wrist

72
Q

Inserion of Extensor digiti minimi

A

Dorsal hood of the little finger

73
Q

Origin of Extensor digiti minimi

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus and adjacent intermuscular septum together with extensor digitorum

74
Q

Innervation of Extensor digiti minimi

A

Posterior interosseous nerve [C7,C8]

75
Q

Action of Extensor digiti minimi

A

Extends the little finger

76
Q

Origin of Extensor carpi ulnaris

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus and posterior border of ulna

77
Q

Insertion of Extensor carpi ulnaris

A

Tubercle on the base of the medial side of metacarpal V

78
Q

Innervation of Extensor carpi ulnaris

A

Posterior interosseous nerve [C7,C8]

79
Q

Action of Extensor carpi ulnaris

A

Extends and adducts the wrist

80
Q

Origin of Anconeus

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

81
Q

insertion of Anconeus

A

Olecranon and proximal posterior surface of ulna

82
Q

innervation of Anconeus

A

Radial nerve [C6 to C8] (via branch to medial head of triceps brachii)

83
Q

Action of the Anconeus

A

Abduction of the ulna in pronation; accessory extensor of the elbow joint

84
Q

The deep layer of the posterior compartment of the forearm consists of five muscles:

A

Supinator,
Abductor pollicis longus,
Extensor pollicis brevis,
Extensor pollicis longus,
And extensor indicis

85
Q

What forms a distinct muscular bulge in the distal posterolateral surface of the forearm.

A

Two of the three ‘outcropping’ muscles (abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis) form a distinct muscular bulge in the distal posterolateral surface of the forearm.

86
Q

Origin of Supinator

A

Superficial part -lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral and anular ligaments;
deep part- supinator crest of the ulna

87
Q

Insertion of Supinator

A

Lateral surface of radius superior to the anterior oblique line

88
Q

innervation of Supinator

A

Posterior interosseous nerve [C6,C7]

89
Q

action of Supinator

A

Supination

90
Q

Origin of Abductor pollicis longus

A

Posterior surfaces of ulna and radius (distal to the attachments of supinator and anconeus), and intervening interosseous membrane

91
Q

Insertion of Abductor pollicis longus

A

Lateral side of base of metacarpal I

92
Q

Innervation Abductor pollicis longus

A

Posterior interosseous nerve [C7,C8]

93
Q

Action of Abductor pollicis longus

A

Abducts carpometacarpal joint of thumb; accessory extensor of the thumb

94
Q

Origin of Extensor pollicis brevis

A

Posterior surface of radius (distal to abductor pollicis longus) and the adjacent interosseous membrane

95
Q

Insertion of Extensor pollicis brevis

A

Dorsal surface of base of proximal phalanx of the thumb

96
Q

Innervation Extensor pollicis brevis

A

Posterior interosseous nerve [C7,C8]

97
Q

Action of Extensor pollicis brevis

A

Extends metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb; can also extend the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb

98
Q

Origin Extensor pollicis longus

A

Posterior surface of ulna (distal to the abductor pollicis longus) and the adjacent interosseous

99
Q

Insertion of Extensor pollicis longus

A

Dorsal surface of base of distal phalanx of thumb

100
Q

Innervation of Extensor pollicis longus

A

Posterior interosseous nerve [C7,C8]

101
Q

Action of Extensor pollicis longus

A

Extends interphalangeal joint of the thumb; can also extend carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints of the thumb

102
Q

Origin of Extensor indicis

A

Posterior suface of ulna (distal to extensor pollicis longus) and adjacent interosseous membrane

103
Q

Insertion of the Extensor indicis

A

Extensor hood of index finger

104
Q

Innervation Extensor indicis

A

Posterior interosseous nerve [C7,C8]

105
Q

Action of Extensor indicis

A

Extends index finger

106
Q

what is the nerve of the posterior compartment of the forearm

A

the radial nerve.

Anatomy (17 decks)

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