Aminoglycoside Flashcards
AG
a. accumulate in renal failure
b. inhibit protein synthesis
c. effective against g-ve infx
d. all
d. all
erythromycin is
a. cidal in axn
b. cidal in high conc
c. static in axn
b. cidal in high conc
True about AG except
a. bacteriostatic
b. distributed only extracellularly
c. excreted unchanged in urine
d. teratogenic
a. bacteriostatic
Common A/E of AG
ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
Aminoglycosides are poorly absorbed from the gut and must therefore be delivered via parenteral routes. T/F
T. aminoglycosides are poorly absorbed from the gut because they are highly polar molecules. Most are administered via the IV or IM route though some drugs – such as tobramycin – can also be administered via the inhalational route, too, as can, therefore, be used in the treatment of cystic fibrosis.
Aminoglycosides lack activity against streptococci. T/F
T
Aminoglycosides lack activity against streptococci and anaerobes, so they should be combined with penicillin and/or metronidazole when the organism is unknown.
Which aminoglycoside is most commonly used in the treatment of cystic fibrosis patients infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa? Amikacin Streptomycin Tobramycin Gentamicin
Tobramycin
may be delivered via the inhalational route, and is therefore frequently deployed in cystic fibrosis patients infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Aminoglycosides are most effective against which kind of microorganism? Aerobic gram-negative bacteria Anaerobic gram-negative bacteria Aerobic gram-positive bacteria Anaerobic gram-positive bacteria
Aminoglycosides are primarily effective against aerobic gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter and Enterobacter. Aminoglycosides enter bacterial cells through an oxygen-dependent transport system. Therefore, it’s imperative that the Gram-negative bacteria are aerobic.
Aminoglycosides work by irreversibly binding to the 30 ribosomal subunit. T/F
T
aminoglycosides work through irreversible inhibition of the 30S ribosomal subunit – inhibiting protein synthesis.
Which of the following drugs is NOT an aminoglycoside? Streptomycin Neomycin Amikacin Azithromycin
Azithromycin belongs to the macrolide class of drugs. Streptomycin, neomycin and amikacin are all examples of aminoglycosides.
Which of the following statements about aminoglycosides is false?
They have short half-lives
They are bactericidal
They exacerbate weakness in myasthenia gravis patients
None of the Above
None of the Above
Aminoglycosides have short half-lives: usually between 1 and 4 hours. They have a bactericidal effect – actively killing aerobic Gram-negative organisms. Furthermore, aminoglycosides can exacerbate weakness in patients with myasthenia gravis.
AG are derived from which species?
a. streptomyces
b. micromonospora
c. A n B
c. A n B
AG effective against
a. klebsiella
b. pseudomonas
c. enterobacter
d. all
d. all
risk factor for AG induced neuromuscular paralysis
a. parkinson
b. use of diazepam
c. myasthenia gravis
d. asthma
c. myasthenia gravis
One of A/E is Enhance neuromuscular blocker activity
S/E of topically applied neomycin
a. contact dermatitis
b. nephrotoxicity
c. ototoxicity
d. all
a. contact dermatitis
AG used for TB treatment?
Streptomycin
Topical use:
neomycin
penicillin
kanamycin (Kantrex)
streptomycinneomycin
route of administration: gentamicin (Garamycin)
oral
parenteral
both
neitherparenteral
Patients with impaired renal function may suffer toxicity due to high tissue concentrations:
streptomycin
gentamicin (Garamycin)
both
neitherboth
Neuromuscular blockade at high dosages:
amikacin (Amikin)
penicillin G
amphotericin B (Fungizone, Amphotec) been
cefotaxime (Claforan)amikacin (Amikin)
Gentamicin (Garamycin) should NOT be used:
to treat sepsis caused by gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas.
in combination with Penicillin G for endocarditis due to viridans streptococci
as a single agent to treat staphylococcal infections.
in combination with cephalosporin in immunocompromised patients.
as a single agent to treat staphylococcal infections.
Reason(s) that favor combination of an aminoglycoside with a beta-lactam antibiotic:
advantage in extending coverage to potentially present gram-positive pathogens
drug classes are synergistic
both
neither
both
Aminoglycosides time-dependent killing concentration dependent killing both neither
concentration dependent killing
