amblyopia Flashcards
what is amblyopia?
developmental disorder of the visual system
decrease in vision in the affected eye and a disruption of BV
-occurs the absence of obvious pathologies
often associated with strabismus + aniesemetropia
/ deprivation (ptosis/congenital cataract)
different types of management
1) full refractive correction
2) monitor improvement in va ( ref adaption)
3) occlusion therapy
orthoptic exercise
what is the cause of amblyopia
unilateral
0constant strabismus
-aniesemetropia
-visual deprivation ( catarcart/ptosis/opaque cornea/vitreous clouding/prolonged uncontrolled patching
prolonged unilateral cyclopegis
bilateral
cataracts of equal density
high uncorrected astigmatism/hyperemetropia
-nystagmus
what are the clinical characteristics of amblyopia
asymptomatic/close/rub eyes
- decrease in va
fixation preference
eccentric fixation
unsteady fixation
poor accommodation
what is refractive adaptation
amblyopia may improve with refractive correction alone
process can take up to 16 weeks
review fq 12-16 weeks
aniesemetropic amblyopes
2-3 lines improvement in va
how long is patching done for
4-6hrs for between 6-12 weeks
how is atropine used
prevents accomodation of fellow eye
encourages amblyopic eye to fixate at near
side effects - light sensor- eye pain , ha , skin irritation
1gtt 1% on weekends review 1 week to check acuity in dominant eye
monitor closely for iatrogenic amblyopia
management of amblyopia
- full cycle correction
- improvement of vision in amblyopic eye monitored over 3 month period
child will require referral if routine 4-6 weeks
- no improvement on 2 consecutive visits during this period
-vision is still below normal
- vision improvement Is not sustained
when would you use atropine
occlusion makes latent nystagmus worse
