Amateurism and professionalism Flashcards
What are the two different codes that sport is played to ?
Amateur = Someone who plays sport because they love it
Professional = A person who plays sport for the financial gain
In the late 19th century, what was amateurism associated with ?
- manliness
- appreciating health and fitness
- appreciating rules and regulations
- high moral integrity
In the late 19th century what was the gentleman amateur associated with ?
- playing sport to a high moral code
- range of sports
- character building
- part of the social elite
- were highly respected member of society, went to public school
What were the positive impacts of amateurism in the 19th century (gentleman amateur) ?
- higher status than professionalism
- code of amateurs (playing to the rules)
- participation is more important than winning
- all rounders were viewed highly
What were the characteristics of a working-class professional ?
- working class
- poor
- little free time
- committed to their training
- winning was paramount
What were the key features of early 20th century amateurs ?
- high status
- controllers of sport
- top performers
- highly moral
What were the key features of a modern-day amateur ?
- losing status
- society has more equality
- achievements are merit based
- blurring of distinctions between codes
- top level sports are accessible
What are the positives of modern day amateurism ?
- codes of amateurism are still evident (fairplay_
- still promoted (olympics are based on amateurism)
- codes of conduct still there (calling ref, sir)
What are the key characteristics of modern-day professionals ?
- all classes compete
- people respected for theur talents
- high rewards
- training full-time
- can gain a celebrity status
- positive sporting role-models
- money invested
- more spectators
What are the explanations for the growth and development of association football ?
Urbanisation = large numbers of people in a small area - facilities built
Free time = less time at work -3pm traditional kick off
Disposable income = higher wages and improved standards of living, more money to pay for matches and to travel to them
Improved transport = travel over the country, developed the leagues and cups
Professional = the opportunity to play football for a living
Social links = middle class gave football more respectability
Organisation = ex-school boys organised the sport - the FA and referees
What was the Bosman ruling ?
- European court of justice December 1995
- Looked at the freedom of movement for workers
- Allowed free movement of labour in the EU
- This meant footballers in the EU could move clubs without a transfer fee
What were the 10 key dates for footballers wages ?
1901 - £4 wage a week limit
1922 - £8 wage a week limit
1947 - £12 wage a week limit
1961 - abolition of the maximum wage
1994 - first footballer earns over £10,000 a week
1995 - Bosman ruling
2000 - First £50,000 a week
2001 - first £100,000 a week
2010 - First £250,000 a week
