ALS Lecture 9 - The Hip: Function and Injuries DONE Flashcards
hip joint type
ball and socket, synovial
the hip joint is very (2)
stable, mobile
the hip joint is between the
head of femur, acetabulum of pelvis
label the diagram of the hip
done
psoas major originates at
transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
psoas major attaches to
lesser trochanter of the femur
psoas major action
main hip flexor
label the diagrams of the anterior and medial thigh muscles
done
gluteus maximus originates at
sacrum
gluteus maximus attaches to
gluteal tuberosity
innervation of gluteus maximus
inferior gluteal nerve, L5-S2
gluteus maximus action
extends hip when hip is already flexed, e.g. climbing stairs or lifting from a squat
label the diagrams relating to the gluteus maximus
done
hip abductors
gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fasciae latae
innervation of hip abductors
superior gluteal nerve, L4-S1
action of hip abductors
raises contralateral hip in normal gait
lateral rotators of the hip emerge through
greater and lesser sciatica foramina
lateral rotators of the hip insert onto the
femur
lateral rotators of the hip
piriformis, obturator internus, obturator externus, superior and inferior gemelli, quadratus femoris
it is very useful to know the location of the piriformis so we can find the
nerves and blood vessels below it
obturator internus
forms some of pelvic wall, attaches proximal femur
obturator externus
obturator nerve lies over it,
superior and inferior gemelli sit either side of
obturator internus
innervation of lateral rotators of the hip
small branches of sacral plexus
lateral rotators of the hip are lateral to _____ _____ on prosection
sacrotuberous ligament
position of the sciatic nerve is obvious on prosection and is inferior to
piriformis
label the diagrams of the hip muscles
done
posterior thigh muscles common origin
ischial tuberosity, except short head of biceps
posterior thigh muscles include
biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, adductor magnus (hamstring part)
label the diagrams of the posterior thigh muscles
done
innervation of posterior thigh muscles
tibial nerve (sciatic), except biceps short head which is by common fibular nerve
action of posterior thigh muscles
extend hip, flex knee
label the muscles on the MRI
done
fill in the blank hip movement and innervation summary
done
3 ligaments of the hip joint
iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral
iliofemoral ligament limits
hip extension
iliofemoral ligament shape
V
iliofemoral ligament is between
ilium, greater trochanter and trochanteric line of femur
pubofemoral ligament is between
iliopubic eminence, inferior neck of femur
pubofemoral ligament limits
abduction of hip
ischiofemoral ligament is between
ischium, fossa near greater trochanter of femur
ischiofemoral ligament limits
adduction of hip
label the ligaments of the hip
done
label the diagrams of the femur
done
important vessels get to the head of femur through the
acetabular foramen
hip socket is deepened by
labrum
label the diagram of the hip joint socket
done
label the x-ray of the hip and joint
done
look at schenton’s line on the x-ray diagram
done
schenton’s line is used to tell if there is
disruption to hip joint, should be continuous
neck of femur fracture is often caused by
low impact falls, osteoporotic bondes
classic signs of neck of femur fracture
shortened limb, externally rotated
when reviewing pt with neck of femur fracture we must consider
avascular necrosis, especially displaced fractures
which arteries may be torn to cause avascular necrosis in neck of femur fracture?
retinacular arteries
standard treatment for neck of femur fracture
hip replacement
in partial hip replacement what is replaced?
head and neck of femur
in total hip replacement what is replaced?
head and neck of femur, acetabulum
label the diagram of R hip
done
Trendelenburg gait is caused by damage to which nerve?
superior gluteal nerve
what is Trendelenburg gait?
when foot on side of lesion is in stance phase, hip drops to contralateral side
look at diagrams of Trendelenburg gait
done
one of the main causes of Trendelenburg gait is
hip replacement (damages superior gluteal nerve)
signs of posterior hip dislocation
adducted hip, internal rotation
which type of hip dislocation is more common?
posterior
look at the x-rays of dislocated hip/child’s hip
done
anterior and posterior hip dislocation commonly occur in
winter sports accidents
label the blood supply to the hip joint diagrams
done
2 main arteries that supply blood to the hip joint
external and internal iliac arteries
external iliac artery becomes
femoral artery
which arteries loop around the neck of femur?
lateral and medial circumflex arteries
the lateral and medial circumflex arteries meet to form the…
trochanteric anastomosis
superior gluteal artery, which comes from internal iliac also gives blood to the
neck of femur
from the trochanteric anastomosis arise the
retinacular arteries
retinaculuar arteries supply the
head of femur (sole supply in adults)
