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Block 12 - Neurological, Neuromuscular and Musculoskeletal Disease > ALS Lecture 9 - The Hip: Function and Injuries DONE > Flashcards

ALS Lecture 9 - The Hip: Function and Injuries DONE Flashcards

1
Q

hip joint type

A

ball and socket, synovial

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2
Q

the hip joint is very (2)

A

stable, mobile

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3
Q

the hip joint is between the

A

head of femur, acetabulum of pelvis

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4
Q

label the diagram of the hip

A

done

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5
Q

psoas major originates at

A

transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae

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6
Q

psoas major attaches to

A

lesser trochanter of the femur

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7
Q

psoas major action

A

main hip flexor

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8
Q

label the diagrams of the anterior and medial thigh muscles

A

done

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9
Q

gluteus maximus originates at

A

sacrum

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10
Q

gluteus maximus attaches to

A

gluteal tuberosity

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11
Q

innervation of gluteus maximus

A

inferior gluteal nerve, L5-S2

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12
Q

gluteus maximus action

A

extends hip when hip is already flexed, e.g. climbing stairs or lifting from a squat

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13
Q

label the diagrams relating to the gluteus maximus

A

done

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14
Q

hip abductors

A

gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fasciae latae

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15
Q

innervation of hip abductors

A

superior gluteal nerve, L4-S1

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16
Q

action of hip abductors

A

raises contralateral hip in normal gait

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17
Q

lateral rotators of the hip emerge through

A

greater and lesser sciatica foramina

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18
Q

lateral rotators of the hip insert onto the

A

femur

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19
Q

lateral rotators of the hip

A

piriformis, obturator internus, obturator externus, superior and inferior gemelli, quadratus femoris

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20
Q

it is very useful to know the location of the piriformis so we can find the

A

nerves and blood vessels below it

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21
Q

obturator internus

A

forms some of pelvic wall, attaches proximal femur

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22
Q

obturator externus

A

obturator nerve lies over it,

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23
Q

superior and inferior gemelli sit either side of

A

obturator internus

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24
Q

innervation of lateral rotators of the hip

A

small branches of sacral plexus

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25
Q

lateral rotators of the hip are lateral to _____ _____ on prosection

A

sacrotuberous ligament

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26
Q

position of the sciatic nerve is obvious on prosection and is inferior to

A

piriformis

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27
Q

label the diagrams of the hip muscles

A

done

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28
Q

posterior thigh muscles common origin

A

ischial tuberosity, except short head of biceps

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29
Q

posterior thigh muscles include

A

biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, adductor magnus (hamstring part)

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30
Q

label the diagrams of the posterior thigh muscles

A

done

31
Q

innervation of posterior thigh muscles

A

tibial nerve (sciatic), except biceps short head which is by common fibular nerve

32
Q

action of posterior thigh muscles

A

extend hip, flex knee

33
Q

label the muscles on the MRI

A

done

34
Q

fill in the blank hip movement and innervation summary

A

done

35
Q

3 ligaments of the hip joint

A

iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral

36
Q

iliofemoral ligament limits

A

hip extension

37
Q

iliofemoral ligament shape

A

V

38
Q

iliofemoral ligament is between

A

ilium, greater trochanter and trochanteric line of femur

39
Q

pubofemoral ligament is between

A

iliopubic eminence, inferior neck of femur

40
Q

pubofemoral ligament limits

A

abduction of hip

41
Q

ischiofemoral ligament is between

A

ischium, fossa near greater trochanter of femur

42
Q

ischiofemoral ligament limits

A

adduction of hip

43
Q

label the ligaments of the hip

A

done

44
Q

label the diagrams of the femur

A

done

45
Q

important vessels get to the head of femur through the

A

acetabular foramen

46
Q

hip socket is deepened by

A

labrum

47
Q

label the diagram of the hip joint socket

A

done

48
Q

label the x-ray of the hip and joint

A

done

49
Q

look at schenton’s line on the x-ray diagram

A

done

50
Q

schenton’s line is used to tell if there is

A

disruption to hip joint, should be continuous

51
Q

neck of femur fracture is often caused by

A

low impact falls, osteoporotic bondes

52
Q

classic signs of neck of femur fracture

A

shortened limb, externally rotated

53
Q

when reviewing pt with neck of femur fracture we must consider

A

avascular necrosis, especially displaced fractures

54
Q

which arteries may be torn to cause avascular necrosis in neck of femur fracture?

A

retinacular arteries

55
Q

standard treatment for neck of femur fracture

A

hip replacement

56
Q

in partial hip replacement what is replaced?

A

head and neck of femur

57
Q

in total hip replacement what is replaced?

A

head and neck of femur, acetabulum

58
Q

label the diagram of R hip

A

done

59
Q

Trendelenburg gait is caused by damage to which nerve?

A

superior gluteal nerve

60
Q

what is Trendelenburg gait?

A

when foot on side of lesion is in stance phase, hip drops to contralateral side

61
Q

look at diagrams of Trendelenburg gait

A

done

62
Q

one of the main causes of Trendelenburg gait is

A

hip replacement (damages superior gluteal nerve)

63
Q

signs of posterior hip dislocation

A

adducted hip, internal rotation

64
Q

which type of hip dislocation is more common?

A

posterior

65
Q

look at the x-rays of dislocated hip/child’s hip

A

done

66
Q

anterior and posterior hip dislocation commonly occur in

A

winter sports accidents

67
Q

label the blood supply to the hip joint diagrams

A

done

68
Q

2 main arteries that supply blood to the hip joint

A

external and internal iliac arteries

69
Q

external iliac artery becomes

A

femoral artery

70
Q

which arteries loop around the neck of femur?

A

lateral and medial circumflex arteries

71
Q

the lateral and medial circumflex arteries meet to form the…

A

trochanteric anastomosis

72
Q

superior gluteal artery, which comes from internal iliac also gives blood to the

A

neck of femur

73
Q

from the trochanteric anastomosis arise the

A

retinacular arteries

74
Q

retinaculuar arteries supply the

A

head of femur (sole supply in adults)

Block 12 - Neurological, Neuromuscular and Musculoskeletal Disease (28 decks)

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