Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Block 12 - Neurological, Neuromuscular and Musculoskeletal Disease > ALS Lecture 5 - Diagnosis and Management of Fractures and Soft Tissue Injuries DONE > Flashcards

ALS Lecture 5 - Diagnosis and Management of Fractures and Soft Tissue Injuries DONE Flashcards

1
Q

if fracture is suggested clinically, but radiographic film appears negative, patient should initially be treated as though

A

a fracture was present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

radiography is performed before

A

attempted reduction (except when delay is harmful)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

open/compound

A

skin breached by bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

closed/simple

A

fracture not exposed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

directions of fracture lines

A

transverse, oblique, spiral, comminuted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

comminuted fracture

A

shards of bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

complete fracture

A

straight through bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

incomplete fracture

A

does not go right through bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

avulsion fracture

A

tendon pulled, brings small chunk of bone with it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

impaction fracture

A

forceful collapse of one fragment of bone into or onto another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

pathologic fracture

A

due to underlying disease (e.g. osteoporosis, tumour deposits)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

stress fracture

A

small, undisplaced, due to repeated stress, common in sportspeople

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

label the different types of fracture diagram

A

done

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

crepitus

A

sensation/noise when joint is moved (clicking, creaking, grating, popping, etc)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

infection as a fracture complication is associated most with

A

open fractures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

haemorrhage can be a fracture complication because there is

A

rich blood supply to skeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

risk of haemorrhage is greatest in which fractures?

A

pelvis or shaft of femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

compartment syndrome

A

serious, acute emergency, pressure increases, restricts blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

signs of compartment syndrome

A

pain, paraesthesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

treatment of compartment syndrome

A

complete fasciotomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

avascular necrosis is particularly a risk with these fractures

A

head of femur, talus, scaphoid, lunate, capitate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

fat embolism syndrome

A

fat in circulation after long bone fracture or major trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

immobilisation complications

A

pneumonia, DVT, PE, UTI, ulcers, infection, muscle atrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

subluxation

A

partial loss of continuity between 2 surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

dislocation

A

complete loss of continuity between 2 surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

fracture dislocation

A

fracture and disruption of articulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

DEXA scan assesses

A

bone density

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

DEXA scans generate a

A

T-score

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

normal T-score

A

>

  • 1
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

osteopenia

A
  • 1 to - 2.5
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

osteoporosis

A

< - 2.5

32
Q

x-rays benefits

A

easy, inexpensive, great for most fractures

33
Q

fracture line is most visible on x-ray when it is

A

parallel to x-ray beam

34
Q

fracture line is invisible on x-ray when it is

A

90 degrees to x-ray beam

35
Q

x-rays must always be

A

done in multiple planes

36
Q

normal x-ray doesn’t

A

100% rule out fracture so if risk is high enough use another imaging technique

37
Q

radionucleotide bone scanning is very good at detecting which type of fractures?

A

stress, occult

38
Q

label the diagrams of x-ray, CT and radionucleotide bone scanning

A

done

39
Q

gold standard for fractures

A

CT

40
Q

MRI disadvantages

A

expensive, time consuming, limited bone detail, can’t be used if have metal (e.g. pacemakers)

41
Q

MRI advantages for fractures

A

most advanced, non-invasive

42
Q

US used in

A

soft tissue injury (e.g. Achilles tendon)

43
Q

US benefits

A

no radiation, quick, cheap, can see joint movement in real time

44
Q

sprains

A

ligamentous injury

45
Q

tendinitis

A

tendon inflammation due to over use

46
Q

common tendinitis sites

A

rotator cuff, Achilles tendon, radial wrist and elbow

47
Q

bursitis

A

painful inflammation of a bursa

48
Q

common bursitis sites

A

olecranon, subacromial, greater trochanter of femur, prepatellar bursa

49
Q

undisplaced fracture

A

bones remain aligned

50
Q

displaced fracture

A

bone shifted so ends not in alignment

51
Q

spiral fracture

A

usually rotational injury

52
Q

label the fracture pictures

A

done

53
Q

stages of bone healing (6)

A
  1. haematoma
  2. inflammatory phase
  3. resorption of heamatoma
  4. remodelling
  5. mineralisation
  6. reabsorption of callus
54
Q

stage 1 of bone healing, haematoma

A

ruptured vessels across fracture line, haematoma bridges fragments

55
Q

stage 2 of bone healing, inflammatory phase

A

granulation tissue forms on fracture surfactes

56
Q

stage 3 of bone healing, resorption of haematoma

A

first continuity between fragments, pro-callus, no structural rigidity

57
Q

stage 4 of bone healing, remodelling

A

callus formed on periosteal and endosteal surfaces, biological splint

58
Q

stage 5 of bone healing, mineralisation

A

callus mineralised by deposition of calcium phosphate

59
Q

stage 6 of bone healing, reabsorption of callus

A

original fracture surfaces develop bony union

60
Q

fractures are easier to see after about 10days of injury because the bone surrounding the fracture becomes

A

less dense due to resorption

61
Q

types of abnormal union

A

delayed, malunion, non-union, pseudoarthrosis

62
Q

delayed union

A

longer than normal for that location

63
Q

malunion

A

residual deformity

64
Q

non-union

A

failure to unite

65
Q

pseudoarthrosis

A

non-union results in false joint

66
Q

principles of definitive fracture management (5)

A
  1. open wound management
  2. reduction and stabilisation
  3. splinting/bandaging/casts
  4. surgery
  5. rehabilitation
67
Q

reduction done for

A

not every fracture, every dislocation

68
Q

open fixation includes

A

pins and plates for life, external or internal

69
Q

in any open wound we must consider and exclude

A

nerve injury

70
Q

grading muscle strains (1-3)

A
  1. pain only (few fibres)
  2. pain, weakness (significant fibres)
  3. pain, weakness, loss of function (very large tear)
71
Q

managing soft tissue injuries

A

POLICE

72
Q

POLICE

A

protect, optimal loading, ice, compression, elevation

73
Q

optimal loading

A

right movement for injury

74
Q

optimal loading is important as it ensures our

A

tendons are mainly type 1 collagen

75
Q

type 1 collagen can only be made if the

A

tendon is stimulated properly by optimal loading§

Block 12 - Neurological, Neuromuscular and Musculoskeletal Disease (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions