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Pathophysiology > Alrerations Of Acid-Base Balance > Flashcards

Alrerations Of Acid-Base Balance Flashcards

1
Q

What molecule do the lungs eliminate if the blood pH is too low?

A

CO2

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2
Q

What do the lungs do if the pH is too high?

A

The lungs retain the CO2 to lower the pH levels

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3
Q

What happens to the pH of the blood when the kidneys retain H+?

A

The pH level decreases

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4
Q

What happens to the pH level when the kidneys excrete H+?

A

The pH level increases

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5
Q

What is the correction for metabolic acidosis?

A

Bicarbonate will increase; H+ ions will decrease.

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6
Q

What is the compensation for metabolic acidosis?

A

Increased RR often associated with ‘kussmaul respirations’

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7
Q

What are common causes of metabolic acidosis?

A

Renal failure
Lactic acid overproduction
Ketone overproduction

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8
Q

What is the compensation for respiratory acidosis or alkalosis?

A

Kidneys can increase or decrease secretion/excretion of H+

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9
Q

What is the respiratory compensation for metabolic acidosis or alkalosis?

A

Lungs can increase or decrease CO2 removal.

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10
Q

What are common causes for metabolic alkalosis?

A

Prolonged vomiting
Gastric suctioning

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11
Q

What is the correction for metabolic alkalosis?

A

Renal retention of H+; renal excretion of bicarbonate

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12
Q

What is the compensation for metabolic alkalosis?

A

Decrease in RR (respiratory rate); increased CO2 retention.

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13
Q

What are common causes for respiratory acidosis?

A

Brain stem trauma
Rib fractures
Over-sedation
Pneumonia
Paralysis of respiratory muscles

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14
Q

What is the correction of respiratory acidosis?

A

None- cannot correct acid-based imbalance with the lungs

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15
Q

What is the compensation for respiratory acidosis?

A

Renal compensation
The kidney secretes H+ and reabsorbs HCO3-

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16
Q

What are common causes of respiratory alkalosis?

A

Hyperventilation due to Hypoxemia
Improper use of mechanical ventilation
Hyperventilation with anxiety/panic attacks.

17
Q

What is the pathophysiology of respiratory alkalosis?

A

Hyperventilation removes CO2 from the body leading to decreased carbonic acid levels and increase in plasma pH.

18
Q

Which molecule binds to the H+ as a buffer to create carbonic acid (H2CO3)?

A

Bicarbonate ion (HCO3-)

19
Q

Regulation of acid-base balance through removal/retention of CO2 is accomplished by the:

A

Lungs

20
Q

True or false
Correction of acid-base balance by the kidneys can take 24-48 hours.

A

True

21
Q

Renal failure causes which acid-base imbalance?

A

Metabolic acidosis

22
Q

Compensation for metabolic acidosis caused by renal failure includes:

A

Kussmaul respirations

23
Q

One cause of metabolic alkalosis is:

A

suctioning of gastric fluids

24
Q

Which conditions are known causes of respiratory acidosis?

A

Rib fractures
Over-sedation
Pneumonia

25
Q

Long term compensation for respiratory acidosis includes:

A

kidney excretion of H+

26
Q

All cases of respiratory alkalosis involve:

A

hyperventilation

27
Q

The nurse is caring for a client with several broken ribs. The client is most likely to experience what type of acid-base imbalance?

A

Respiratory acidosis from inadequate ventilation

28
Q

The nurse is caring for a client with having respiratory distress related to an anxiety attack. Recent arterial blood gas values are pH = 7.53 (high), PaO2 (72 mm Hg (normal), PaCO2 = 30 mmHg (low), HCO3-= 24 (normal).

A

The client is probably hyperventilating.

29
Q

The nurse is caring for who was recently admitted to the hospital’s Emergency Department for treatment of kidney problems. Arterial blood gas values are pH = 7.20 (low), PaO2 (80 mm Hg (normal), PaCO2 = 29 mmHg (low), HCO3- (bicarbonate ion) = 18 mmol/L (normal).

A

The client has metabolic acidosis due to renal failure.

Pathophysiology (14 decks)

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