Allergies

Question 1

Normal Immune Response

Answer 1

Protects our Body
-The response of how our body defends itself from pathogens.
-Restore tissues

Question 2

Hypersensitive Reactions

Answer 2

Damages our body
-Results from immune response to antigens and produce’s inflammation and causes tissue damage.
-Requires prior antigen exposure

Question 3

Which of the types of Hypersensitivity reactions produces antibodies?

Answer 3

Type I, II, and III

Question 4

Type I - Immediate Hypersensitivity Disorders

Answer 4

-IgE mediated
-Allergic reactions (food and rhinitis)
-It can be systemic or local reactions.

Question 5

Type I First exposure, primary response, and Secondary response.

Answer 5

1. First exposure - TH2 cells stimulate B-Cells to create IgE antibodies that sensitize mast cells and basophils
2. Primary response - Re exposure, antigen binds to cell-associated IgE and stimulates degranulation.
3. Secondary response - Facilitated by arachdonic acid and release cytokines

Question 6

Type II - Antibody-mediated Disorder

Answer 6

-IgG and IgM mediated
-Usually Localized
-Antibodies directed against antigen that is present on cell surfaces or connective tissue.
-3 subtypes

Question 7

Subtype: Complement- and antibody receptor-mediated cell destruction

Answer 7

The antibody destroys the cell
-Ex. Hemolytic disease of the newborn
-Antibiotics attack RBC causing anemia

Question 8

Subtype: Compliment- and antibody-mediated inflammation

Answer 8

Causes inflammation around the cell.
-Ex. Goodpasture syndrome is a disorder that involves kidney failure and lung disease usually in the membranes.

Question 9

Subtype: Antibody-Mediated Cellular Dysfuntion

Answer 9

Antibodies binding to cellular receptors incorrectly.
-Ex. Grave’s Disease (Hyperthyroidism)
-Ex. Myastgenia Gravis (blocks Zach receptor and causes weak muscles)

Question 10

Type III - Immune Complex-mediated Disorders

Answer 10

Antigen-antibody immune complexes-mediated (IgG and IgM)
-Soluble antigens but insoluble complexes.
-Ex. Serum Sickness (The complex activates vascular permeability and phagocytic cells. Then edema and local tissue damage)

Question 11

Type IV - Cell-Mediated Hypersensitivity Disorders

Answer 11

-Mediated by T-cells
- CD8+ (Killer T cells) kills the target cell
- CD4+ (Helper T cells) recruits Killer T cells and produce cytokines.
-Delayed reaction (12-24 hours)
-Ex. Poison Ivy or cheap metals in piercings.