Acid & Base

Question 1

pH in the body

Answer 1

7.35 - 7.45

Question 2

Body’s buffering Systems

Answer 2

Bicarbonate/carbonic acid (most important)
Proteins
Phosphate

Question 3

Hyperventilation (Hypocapnia)

Answer 3

Release CO2

Question 4

Hypoventilation (Hypercapnia)

Answer 4

Accumulate CO2

Question 5

Enzyme in the body’s buffer system (CO2 + H20 <-> H2CO3 <-> H + HCO3)

Answer 5

Carbonic anhydrase

Question 6

Respiratory Control Mechanism

Answer 6

Activated by metabolic disorder. CO2 is eliminated through the respiratory system. Occurs within minutes. (Ex. Hyperventilating, Eliminates more CO, less arterial pCO2)

Question 7

Normal respiration per minutes (Rpm)

Answer 7

12 - 20

Question 8

Renal Control Mechanism

Answer 8

Activated by respiratory disorder. Reabsorption of HCO3, Regulation of H+ secreation and generation of new HCO3. Functions for days.

Question 9

Arterial Blood Gases (ABG’s)

Answer 9

Measures the pH, levels of oxygen and CO2.

Question 10

Normal ABG’s

Answer 10

PH=7.35-7.45
pCO2=35-45mmHg
Arterial HCO3=22-26mEq/L
Blood HCO3=24-28mEq/L
pO2=80-100mmHg
sO2=>95%

Question 11

Anion Gap (AG)

Answer 11

Determine the cause of metabolic acidosis. Range: 6-12mEq/L

Question 12

Respiratory Acidosis

Answer 12

Increase in pCO2, hypoventilation, COPD

Question 13

Respiratory alkalosis

Answer 13

Decrease pCO2, hyperventilation

Question 14

Metabolic acidosis

Answer 14

Decrease HCO3, hyperchloremia, Hyperkalemia. Anion GAP. Symptoms are Deep rapid respirations (Kussmaul respiration)

Question 15

Increased Anion GAP >12mEq/L

Answer 15

MUDPILES

Question 16

Metabolic Alkalosis

Answer 16

Increase HCO3, prolonged vomiting and often asymptomatic

Question 17

Mixed disorders

Answer 17

Can be cause by respiratory or metabolic disorder.
[H]=pCO2/HCO3 X 24
[H] > 40 acidosis
[H] < 40 alkalosis