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Pharmacology > Allergic Rhinitis (Exam 3) > Flashcards

Allergic Rhinitis (Exam 3) Flashcards

1
Q

Rhinitis

A

Inflammatory response in nasal passages to allergens
atopic allergic disease

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2
Q

how is allergic rhinitis initiated? and what happens?

A

initiated by exposure of nasal mucosa to airborne antigens

evokes IgE production

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3
Q

what is released due to allergic rhinitis

A

histamine
leukotrienes
B4, C4, D4, E4
prostaglandins
kinins
kininogen
serotonin

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4
Q

is rhinitis and allergic rhinitis the same?

A

No!

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5
Q

allergic rhinitis

A

induction of rhinitis symptoms after allergen exposure by an IgE mediated immune reaction

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6
Q

symptoms of rhinitis

A

itching
nasal discharge
sneezing
nasal airway obstruction

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7
Q

common forms of rhinitis

A

allergic
infectious
non-allergic
non allergic with eosinophilia syndrome (NARES)
chronic rhino sinusitis with/without poylps

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8
Q

chronic rhino sinusitis with/without poylps

A

hypertrophic, inflammatory disorder that can affect allergic/non allergic individuals

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9
Q

drug induced rhinitis

A

aspirin
some vasodilators

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10
Q

less common forms of rhinitis

A

occupational
drug induced
hormonal
food induced
cold air induced
atrophic

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11
Q

non allergic, non infectious rhinitis

A

poorly defined
non inflammatory (sensorineural hyper responsiveness, hyperesthesia, dysautonomia)
local allergic reaction

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12
Q

mucus

A

slippery polymeric aqueous secretion produced by mucous membranes

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13
Q

mucus is secreted from ___________ which contain ________________

A

mixed glands

both serous and mucous glands

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14
Q

mucus is a

A

viscous colloid

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15
Q

mucus contains

A

inorganic salts
antimicrobial enzymes
immunoglobulins
glycoproteins

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16
Q

mucus is produced by

A

goblet cells in the mucous membranes and submucosal glands

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17
Q

mucus is one of the body’s _______________ of defense systems

A

first line

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18
Q

deep sneezing

A

released trapped microbes

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19
Q

if one side of the nose is congested,

A

air passes through the open nostril (decongested side)

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20
Q

when one nostril is congested, does it stay congested?

A

no!

sides alternate between being wide open and narrowed

21
Q

patients must experience at least __________ symptoms for an _________________ on most days to be diagnosed with allergic rhinitis

A

two

hour or more

22
Q

symptoms of allergic rhinitis

A

unusual sensation in the nose/watery eyes
nasal itching
sneezing
runny nose
obstruction in the nasal passage

23
Q

antihistamines for allergic rhinitis

A

class 1-3 H1 antagonists
olopantadine
azelastine

24
Q

decongestants for allergic rhinitis

A

phenylephrine
naphazoline
oxymetazoline
pseudoephedrine

25
Q

corticosteroids for allergic rhinitis

A

beclomethasone
budesonide
flunisolide
mometasone
fluticasone
triamcinolone

26
Q

leukotriene antagonists for allergic rhinitis

A

montelukast

27
Q

ARIA classification

A

intermittent
persistent
mild
moderate to severe

28
Q

intermittent ARIA classification

A

less than four days
less than 4 weeks

29
Q

persistent ARIA classification

A

over 4 days/week
more than 4 weeks

30
Q

mild ARIA classification

A

normal sleep
no impairment of daily activities
no troublesome symptoms

31
Q

moderate severe

A

abnormal sleep
impairment of daily activities
troublesome symptoms

32
Q

guidelines of ARIA is on the basis of

A

duration of intermittent/persistent disease
severity of symptoms and quality of life as mild/moderate severe

33
Q

primary diagnosis of allergic rhinitis

A

detailed personal/family allergic history
intranasal examination - anterior rhinos copy
allergic skin tests and/or in vitro specific IgE tests

34
Q

secondary diagnosis of allergic rhinitis

A

nasal secretion/scraping cytology
nasal allergen challenge
nasal endoscopy
CT scan

35
Q

what type of test is used for allergic rhinitis

A

allergy skin prick testing (right positive result)

36
Q

possible management of allergic rhinitis

A

avoiding the substance that triggers the allergy
nasal corticosteroid sprays
antihistamines
saltwater solution
desensitization injections

37
Q

do antibiotics relieve symptoms of allergic rhinitis?

A

NO

38
Q

is asthma considered a genetic disease?

A

NO

have not been validated

39
Q

genetic variants in _________________ are most widely studied and have been associated with altered therapeutic response to ________________

A

ALOX5 and LTC4S

asthma drugs

40
Q

allergen immunotherapy (allergy shots)

A

form of long term treatment that decreases symptoms
decreases sensitivity to allergens

41
Q

allergen immunotherapy is used with many people with

A

allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, conjunctivitis or stinging insect allergy

42
Q

omalizumab

A

binds to Fc portion of IgE
used for asthma or chronic idiopathic urticaria

43
Q

cerebrospinal rhinorrhea

A

trigger - sinus/facial manipulation
testing - otolaryngology
symptoms - clear nasal discharge after sinus surgery/trauma; symptoms worsen

44
Q

gustatory

A

feature - socially debilitating
triggers - spicy foods, alcohol
symptoms - rhinitis associated with food consumption

45
Q

nonallergic with eosinophilia syndrome

A

feature - treated as vasomotor rhinitis
testing - specific allergen testing is negative, nasal cellular infiltrate is full of eosinophils
symptoms - persistent rhinitis symptoms

46
Q

atrophic rhinitis

A

symptoms - atrophy of nasal mucosa resulting in ozena
testing - culture for culprit bacteria, nutritional deficiency
triggers - dry environment, surgery

47
Q

occupational rhinitis

A

symptoms - rhinitis symptoms at work, but improve at home
trigger - allergic/non allergic
features - asthma/conjunctivitis
testing - evaluation for IgE testing

48
Q

aspirin allergy may likely have association with

A

asthma and nasal polyps

Pharmacology (18 decks)

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