Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharmacology > Acute Kidney Injury (Exam 2) > Flashcards

Acute Kidney Injury (Exam 2) Flashcards

1
Q

acute kidney injury (aki)

A

abrupt decline in renal function
inability to properly excrete waste and maintain acid base balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

clinical definitions of AKI (4)

A

decrease of 25% or greater in estimated GFR

an increase in SCr of 0.5mg/dL or greater

an increase of 1mg/dL or more in SCr in pts with CKD

urine output <0.5mL/kg/hour for at least 6 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

anuria urine output

A

<50 mL/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

non-oliguria urine output

A

greater than 500mL/day
better outcome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

oliguria urine output

A

> 50mL but less than 500mL/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

normal urine output

A

1mL/kg/hour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

diagnostic criteria for acute kidney injury network

A

an absolute increase in SCr of more than 0.3mg/dL

an increase in baseline SCr by 50% or more

urine output of less than 0.5mL/kg/hour for more than 6 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

AGENTS used to treat/prevent AKI

A

thiazide diuretics
loop diuretics
potassium-sparing diuretics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

thiazide diuretics

A

chlorothiazide - diuril
chlorthalidone
hydrochlorothiazide - microzide
indapamide
metolazone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

loop diuretics drugs

A

bumetanide - bumex
ethacrynic acid - edecrin
furosemide - lasix
torsemide - demadex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

potassium-sparing diuretics

A

amiloride
eplerenone - inspra
spironolactone - aldactone, carospir
triamterene - dyrenium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

loop diuretics increase

A

renal blood flow and urine flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

General principles for prevention of AKI (4)

A

avoid nephrotoxic agents
ensure adequate hydration
patient education
drug therapies to decrease incidence of contrast induced nephropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

N-acetylcysteine (NAC)

A

contrast induced nephropathy
well tolerated, little adverse effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

goals of therapy for AKI (5)

A

maintain appropriate BP
monitor and manage electrolytes daily
eliminate or minimize insult that precipitated AKI
facilitate renal recovery and minimize injury
expedite recovery of baseline renal function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Mannitol MOA

A

increases the osmotic pressure of glomerular filtrate which inhibts tubular reabsorption of water and electrolytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what does Mannitol induce?

A

hyperosmolar state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

loop diuretics have no benefit for ____ and are _____. Switching loop diuretics is _______.

A

survival outcomes

equally effective

unlikely to be effective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

proximal tubule (PCT) components

A

NaHCO3
Na+
Cl-
H2O
Glucose
Amino Acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

thick ascending limb of loop of henle (TAL) components

A

Na+
K+
Cl-
Mg2+
Ca2+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Distal convoluted tubule (DCT) components

A

Na+
Cl-
Ca2+ (PTH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Thin descending limb of loop of Henle components

A

H2O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is diuretic resistance?

A

not responding to loop diuretics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Collecting duct components

A

Na+
Cl-
K+ (secretion)
H+ (secretion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
ACEIs
angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
19
NSAIDs
nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs
20
A (indications for RRT)
acid base abnormalities
21
E (indications for RRT)
electrolyte imbalance
22
I (indications for RRT)
intoxications
23
O (indications for RRT)
fluid overload
24
U (indications for RRT)
uremia
25
DIKD (drug induced kidney disease) primary prevention strategy
avoid use of nephrotoxic agents
26
AKI characteristics
fluid overload acid base abnormalities increased serum Cr and BUN
27
AKI can further classify into stages 1-3 on the basis
of degree of SCr rise and urine output
28
RIFLE category
risk injury failure loss ESKD
29
risk urine output criteria
less than 0.5 mg/kg/h for 6 hrs
30
injury urine output criteria
less than 0.5 mg/kg/h for 12 hrs
31
failure urine output criteria
anuria for more than 12 hrs
32
AKIN criteria
Stages 1-3
33
AKIN stage 1 urine output criteria
less than 0.5 mg/kg/h for 6 hrs
34
AKIN stage 2 urine output criteria
less than 0.5 mg/kg/h for 12 hrs
35
AKIN stage 3 urine output criteria
less than 0.3 mg/kg/h for 24 hours OR anuria form more than 12 hrs
36
KDIGO criteria
stages 1-3
37
KDIGO stage 1 urine output criteria
less than 0.5 mg/kg/h for 6 hrs
38
KDIGO stage 2 urine output criteria
less than 0.5 mg/kg/h for 6-12 hrs
39
KDIGO stage 3 urine output criteria
anuria for more than 12 hrs
40
RIFLE category is based off of ? AKIN and KDIGO criteria are based off of ?
RIFLE - SCr and GFR AKIN/KDIGO - SCr
41
loop diuretics are useful for
management of fluid overload for patients at risk for AKI DOES NOT prevent
42
nonpharmacologic therapy for AKI
avoid nephrotoxic agents hydration RRT - dialysis Target for UOP - greater than 0.5 mg/kg/h
43
pharmacologic therapy for AKI
diuretics mannitol
44
why does someone on Mannitol have to be closely monitored?
it can cause AKI
45
dose of Mannitol
12.5-25 grams IV over 3-5 minutes parenterally
46
most common loop diuretic used
furosemide
47
torsemide and bumetanide have
greater oral bioavailability and are more potent
48
which type of drugs are recommended for prevention in AKI?
Isotonic Saline IV vasopressors
49
which type of drugs are recommended for prevention in contrast induced AKI?
isotonic saline IV NAC (n-acetylcysteine) Sodium bicarbonate IV
50
monitoring parameters for AKI
fluid ins/outs weight hemodynamics blood chemistries drugs, dose regimens and times of doses nutritional regimen blood glucose urinalysis plans for RRT
51
Acute Tubular Necrosis
damage to tubule cells of the kidneys proximal and distal tubules
52
the most common cause of AKI
acute tubular necrosis
53
ATN can be caused by
aminoglycosides radiocontrast media amphotericin B
54
Osmosis nephrosis
swelling of the renal proximal tubular cells associated with glomerular filtration of sugars and dextrose
55
contrast media induced nephrotoxicity
any combination of direct tubular toxicity, renal ischemia and tubular obstruction
56
examples of CM induced nephrotoxicity drugs
ethiodol lipiodol diatrizoate iothalamate gadodiamide gadobutrol perflutren
57
CM induced nephrotoxicity incidence
7-15% - receiving iodinated contrast 2% - normal renal function over 50% - CKD
58
Biomarkers of AKI
cystatin C IL -18 KIM-1 NGAL
59
cystatin c source
plasma and urine
60
IL-18 source
urine
61
KIM-1 source
urine
62
NGAL source
plasma and urine
63
which is the most sensitive biomarker for AKI?
NGAL (neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin)
64
how much of the three criteria of AKI is required and in what time frame to give a diagnosis (according to the diagnostic criteria)?
one of the three criteria within 48 hours

Pharmacology (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions