All things before the final Flashcards
What is the half-life of Taq?
30 minutes at 95
How long is a PCR cycle
1 minute
What is the usage of SYBR green or taqman?
Helps detect when annealing/extension is done
How do we introduce mutagenesis into PCR?
Taqman poor proofreading
Unequal amounts of nucleotides
Mn or Mg
What is the function of the primary metabolite?
Performs normal physiological functions such as cell growth
What is the intermediary metabolite?
Maintains homeostasis such as energy intermediates
What are the 4 areas of metabolomics?
Sugars
Lipids
Amino acids
Nucleotides
What are the three components important for LC?
Resolution
Column
Flow rate
Equation for calculation of RS?
Small particle size means
higher pressure and better resolution
Loss of resolution occurs at?
High flow rate
What is normal Phase HPLC?
What are non polar and polar stationary phases/
What is reverse phase HPLC?
What is the column pressure of UPLC?
1030 BAR
What is important to know about Gas chromatography?
Polar tube for Polar substance
Non-Polar tube for non-polar substance
What is the substance that makes up GC cap columns?
What are the carrier gasses for Gas chromatography?
Helium
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
How many drugable targets have been identified in the human genome?
3000+
What is pharmacogenetics/
What is pharmacogenomics?
What metabolizes warfarin?
CYP2C9
What does CYP4F2 do?
Reducing the amount of Vitamin K
What does VKORC1 do?
Recycles vitamin K for usage
Which class of CFTR leads to no activity?
Class III and Class VI
What is ataluren?
Class I CFTR mutation fixer that has the power to overcome the effects of a non-sense mutation
What does Kalydeco do?
Open CF patients channels
What does trikafta do?
Bring the transporters to the surface
What is Fomivirsen/’
Cytomegalovirus treatment
What is Mipomersen?
Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia
What does Exondys 51 do?
Exon skipping
What does Spinraza do/
It activates the SMN2 gene and allows for the increased production of SMN protein, leading to improved spinal muscular atrophy
What is PROTACS?
What is the mechanism of resistance for BCR-ABL dependent and independent
Essentially mutations to the BCR-ABLE gene
How does Imatinib work?
Binds in the pocket of BCR-ABl to stop the binding of ATP
What is the ending for tyrosine kinase inhibitors?
Tinib
What does Entrectinib do?
Inhibitor of TRK, ALK and ROS1
What does Larotrectinib do?
TRK inhibitor
What does Trastuzumab do/
Bind to subdomain IV of HER2
What does pertuzumab do?
Prevent dimerization
What is Enhertu?
Trastuzumab and payload
What is Cetuximab?
EGFR1 inhibitor
What are bispecific antibdoeis?
Have the two ends where they can bridge t cells and target antigen
What does heterogeneity mean?
Not all cells in the tumour are of one type and ehnce will not interact iwth one single targeted therapy
What MHC class interactors with T helper cells?
Class I and Class II
What MHC class interacts with CD8 T cells?
Class I
