All the dates Flashcards
When was the Brodie helmet introduced?
1915
By when had the cause of trench fever been identified as contact with lice?
1918
When was chlorine gas first introduced, by the Germans?
1915 (at the 2nd battle of Ypres)
When were gas masks given to all British troops?
July 1915.
When was phosgene gas first used?
At the end of 1915 (near Ypres)
When was mustard gas first introduced, by the Germans?
1917
From what year were there nurses at dressing stations?
1915
When did Base hospitals regain the role (from Casualty Clearing Stations) of being the most important places for efforts to reduce risk of infection?
March 1918
By when in the Middle Ages were there 1,100 hospitals?
1500
When did the Medieval government introduce littering fines?
1347
When did the Medieval government introduce quarantine laws to stop people spreading the plague?
1348
When did Medieval authorities stop cleaning streets, because they believed that the miasma of rubbish, sewage and rotting bodies would drive off the Black Death?
1348
By when was the 4 Humours well discredited?
1700
When was Henry VIII’s dissolution of monasteries?
1536
When did Henry VIII reopen St. Bart’s hospital?
1546
When was the Great Plague?
1665-6
People thought that an unusual alignment of Mars and Saturn in __ may have caused the Great Plague.
1664
When did Johannes Gutenberg invent the printing press?
1440
When did Paracelsus claim that disease was caused by chemical imbalances within the body?
1526
When did Vesalius publish “Six Anatomical Tables”?
1537
When did Vesalius publish “The Fabric of the Human Body”?
1543
When did Francestro suggest that miasma was actually seeds in the air in “On Contagion”?
1546
When did the College of Physicians publish the Pharmacopoeia Londinensis?
1618
Antimony potassium tartrate became popular after __, when it was said to cure Louis XIV of France of typhoid fever.
1657
When was Edmund Colthurst’s water project commenced?
1602
When was Edmund Colthurst’s water project refunded by Hugh Myddelton?
1609
When did Edmund Colthurst’s water project receive royal backing from James I?
1613
When did Van Helmont claim that it was stomach acid, not the 4 humours, that was responsible for digestion?
1648
When did Thomas Sydenham theorise that disease came in families in “Observations Medicae”?
1676
When did Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek develop microscopes powerful enough to see “animalcules”?
1683
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek developed microscopes powerful enough to see “animalcules”. When did he publish his findings?
1702
When was the Royal Society created? When did it receive approval from King James?
1660, 1662
When did the Royal Society begin publishing the scientific journal “Philosophical Transactions”?
1665
When did James Gutenberg create the world’s first printing press?
1440
By when were there were hundreds of printing presses in Europe?
1500
When did Lady Mary Montagu introduce inoculation to Europe?
The 1720s
When did Edward Jenner develop the smallpox vaccine?
1796
When did Edwin Chadwick publish his “Report on the Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring Population of Great Britain”?
1842
When did James Simpson discover chloroform’s power as an anaesthetic?
1847
When did John Snow invent the chloroform dispenser?
1848
When was Florence Nightingale a nurse in a Crimean war field hospital?
1853-6
When did Florence Nightingale set up the Nightingale School for Nurses?
1860
When did John Snow administer chloroform to Queen Victoria?
1851
When did John Snow publish “On the Mode of Communication of Cholera”?
1848
When did John Snow publish his spot map of cholera deaths in Soho?
1854
When did Pasteur publish his germ theory?
1861
When did Joseph Lister discover carbolic acid’s power as an antiseptic?
1865
When did John Tyndall give a lecture that linked Pasteur’s work to that of Joseph Lister?
1870
When did Pasteur develop a chicken cholera vaccine?
1879
When did Robert Koch begin methodising how to identify germs linked to specific diseases?
The 1880s
When did Robert Koch discover the TB germ?
1882
When did Robert Koch discover the cholera germ?
1883
By __, scientists were using Koch’s work to search for specific cures.
1900
When did William Watson Cheyne publish “antiseptic surgery”?
1882
When did Emil Von Behring develop a vaccine against tetanus and diphtheria?
1890
When did Dr. Bastien die?
1915
When was the meningitis germ discovered?
1884
When was the plague germ (yersinia pestis) discovered?
1894
When did Queen Victoria use chloroform during the birth of her son?
1853
By when were aseptic conditions in hospitals, and aseptic surgery, widespread?
1900
When was inoculation made a crime?
1840
When did the government introduce smallpox vaccinations? When were these made compulsory?
1840, 1852
When were public vaccinators introduced?
1871
When were the 1st and 2nd Public Health Acts passed?
1848, 1875
When was the Great Stink in London?
1858
When did John Snow present his findings to the government?
1855
When were there smallpox outbreaks in the UK?
1722, 1723, 1740-2 and 1837-40
By __, 100,000 people worldwide had been vaccinated.
1800
When did Archibald Garrod theorise that hereditary diseases are caused by missing information in the body’s chemical pathways?
1902
When did Paul Ehrlich discover the first chemical cure, Salvarsan 606?
1909
When did Alexander Fleming discover penicillin?
1928
When did Gerhard Domagk discover prontosil’s power as an antibiotic?
1932
When did British scientists develop M+B 693?
1938
When was streptomycin discovered?
1943
When did Rosalind Franklin photograph DNA?
1951
When did Watson + Crick publish a paper proving an understanding of the structure of DNA?
1953
When was the Human Genome Project run?
1990-2000
When was the vaccination against diphtheria discovered?
1942
When was the vaccination against whooping cough discovered?
1950
When was the vaccination against tetanus discovered?
1961
When did the government set up the Ministry of Health?
1919
When did the Beveridge Report suggest that the government had a duty to provide for the population’s welfare?
1942
When was the NHS set up?
1948
By the __, there were NHS hospitals all throughout the UK
1960s
When was the ban on TV cigarette ads?
1965
When was the total ban on cigarette ads?
2005
When was the smoking ban in all public places?
2007
When was the legal age of buying tobacco changed from 16 to 18 ?
2007
When was it made illegal to display cigarettes in a shop?
2012
