ALL organic reactions Flashcards by evie baxter

Q

reactants, conditions and mechanism

alkane→haloalkane

A

halogen, UV light, free radical substitution

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Q

alkene→alkane

A

H₂, Ni catalyst, electrophilic addition

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Q

alkene→haloalkane

A

hydrogen halide, electrophilic addition

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Q

alkene→alcohol

A

H₂O (steam), H₃PO₄ catalyst, electrophilic addition

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Q

alcohol→alkene

A

H₂SO₄, heat

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Q

alcohol→haloalkane

A

NaBr, H₂SO₄

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Q

haloalkane→alcohol

A

NaOH, nucleophilic substitution

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Q

primary alcohol oxidisation

A

H⁺/Cr₂O₇²⁻
* aldehyde formed w/ distillation
* carboxylic acid formed w/ reflux

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Q

secondary alcohol oxidisation

A

H⁺/Cr₂O₇²⁻
ketone formed (under reflux)

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Q

alcohol→ester

A

carboxylic acid, conc. H₂SO₄

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Q

ester→carboxylic acid

A

dilute acid, heat

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Q

carboxylic acid→ester

A

alcohol, conc. H₂SO₄

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Q

carboxylic acid→acyl chloride

A

SOCl₂

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Q

acyl chloride→carboxylic acid

A

H₂O

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Q

ketone reduced

A

NaBH₄, secondary alcohol

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Q

aldehyde reduced

A

NaBH₄, primary alcohol

Q

aldehyde/ketone→hydroxynitrile

A

HCN

Q

acyl chloride –> secondary amide

A

primary amine

Q

acyl chloride –> primary amide

A

NH₃
ethanol as a solvent

Q

nitrile –> amine

A

H₂
Ni catalyst

Q

nitrile –> carboxylic acid

A

HCl (aq)
hydrolysis

Q

hydroxynitrile –> amine

A

H₂
Ni catalyst

Q

haloalkane –> amine

A

NH₃
ethanol as a solvent
nucleophilic substitution

Q

haloalkane –> nitrile

A

HCN and ethanol
increases C chain length

Q

benzene–>phenyl ketone

A

acyl chloride
halogen carrier (FeX₃ / AlX₃)
electrophilic substitution, acylation

Q

benzene–>alkyl benzene

A

haloalkane
halogen carrier (FeX₃ / AlX₃)
electrophilic substitution, alkylation

Q

benzene–>cyclohexane

A

H₂
Ni catalyst
electrophilic addition

Q

benzene–>halobenzene

A

halogen
halogen carrier (FeX₃ / AlX₃)
electrophilic substitution

Q

benzene–>nitrobenzene

A

conc HNO₃ AND conc H₂SO₄
electrophilic substitution

Q

nitrobenzene –> aromatic amine

A

Sn/ conc HCl
reduction

Q

nitrophenol –> aromatic amine

A

Sn/ conc HCl
reduction

Q

phenol –> nitrophenol

A

dilute HNO₃
electrophilic substitution

Q

phenol –> 2,4,6-tribromophenol

A

Br₂

Q

phenol –> phenoxide ion

A

NaOH/KOH
Na/K
NOT CARBONATES

Q

phenol –> phenyl ester

A

acyl chloride or acid anhydride