ALL organic reactions

Question 1

reactants, conditions and mechanism

alkane→haloalkane

Answer 1

halogen, UV light, free radical substitution

Question 2

alkene→alkane

Answer 2

H₂, Ni catalyst, electrophilic addition

Question 3

alkene→haloalkane

Answer 3

hydrogen halide, electrophilic addition

Question 4

alkene→alcohol

Answer 4

H₂O (steam), H₃PO₄ catalyst, electrophilic addition

Question 5

alcohol→alkene

Answer 5

H₂SO₄, heat

Question 6

alcohol→haloalkane

Answer 6

NaBr, H₂SO₄

Question 7

haloalkane→alcohol

Answer 7

NaOH, nucleophilic substitution

Question 8

primary alcohol oxidisation

Answer 8

H⁺/Cr₂O₇²⁻
* aldehyde formed w/ distillation
* carboxylic acid formed w/ reflux

Question 9

secondary alcohol oxidisation

Answer 9

H⁺/Cr₂O₇²⁻
ketone formed (under reflux)

Question 10

alcohol→ester

Answer 10

carboxylic acid, conc. H₂SO₄

Question 11

ester→carboxylic acid

Answer 11

dilute acid, heat

Question 12

carboxylic acid→ester

Answer 12

alcohol, conc. H₂SO₄

Question 13

carboxylic acid→acyl chloride

Answer 13

SOCl₂

Question 14

acyl chloride→carboxylic acid

Answer 14

H₂O

Question 15

ketone reduced

Answer 15

NaBH₄, secondary alcohol

Question 16

aldehyde reduced

Answer 16

NaBH₄, primary alcohol

Question 17

aldehyde/ketone→hydroxynitrile

Answer 17

HCN

Question 18

acyl chloride –> secondary amide

Answer 18

primary amine

Question 19

acyl chloride –> primary amide

Answer 19

• NH₃
• ethanol as a solvent

Question 20

nitrile –> amine

Answer 20

• H₂
• Ni catalyst

Question 21

nitrile –> carboxylic acid

Answer 21

• HCl (aq)
• hydrolysis

Question 22

hydroxynitrile –> amine

Answer 22

• H₂
• Ni catalyst

Question 23

haloalkane –> amine

Answer 23

• NH₃
• ethanol as a solvent
• nucleophilic substitution

Question 24

haloalkane –> nitrile

Answer 24

• HCN and ethanol
• increases C chain length

Question 25

benzene-->phenyl ketone

Answer 25

* acyl chloride * halogen carrier (FeX₃ / AlX₃) * electrophilic substitution, acylation

Question 26

benzene-->alkyl benzene

Answer 26

* haloalkane * halogen carrier (FeX₃ / AlX₃) * electrophilic substitution, alkylation

Question 27

benzene-->cyclohexane

Answer 27

* H₂ * Ni catalyst * electrophilic addition

Question 28

benzene-->halobenzene

Answer 28

* halogen * halogen carrier (FeX₃ / AlX₃) * electrophilic substitution

Question 29

benzene-->nitrobenzene

Answer 29

* conc HNO₃ AND conc H₂SO₄ * electrophilic substitution

Question 30

nitrobenzene --> aromatic amine

Answer 30

* Sn/ conc HCl * reduction

Question 31

nitrophenol --> aromatic amine

Answer 31

* Sn/ conc HCl * reduction

Question 32

phenol --> nitrophenol

Answer 32

* dilute HNO₃ * electrophilic substitution

Question 33

phenol --> 2,4,6-tribromophenol

Answer 33

* Br₂

Question 34

phenol --> phenoxide ion

Answer 34

* NaOH/KOH * Na/K * NOT CARBONATES

Question 35

phenol --> phenyl ester

Answer 35

acyl chloride or acid anhydride