all Flashcards
All Incisors are formed by—-developmental lobes
—– on facial, —- on lingual
All Incisors are formed by four developmental lobes three on facial, one on lingual
Most dominant tooth of “smile zone”
Maxillary Central Incisor
Single central incisor most challenging to restore esthetically
Maxillary Central Incisor
tf max. central incisor facial surface
Crown is slightly longer incisogingivally than mesiodistally
T
tf max central inc facial surface; Root is conical and straight; may incline mesially
F
distally
Correct the following; max central incisor–>
Mesial outline relatively round with contact at incisal 2/3 • Distal outline straight with contact at junction of incisal and middle thirds
Mesial outline relatively straight with contact at incisal 1/3 • Distal outline more rounded with contact at junction of incisal and middle thirds
max. central incisor–>Incisal edge straight with —- mamelons;
mesio-incisal angle —–, distoincisal angle more ——-
Incisal edge straight with 3 mamelons;
mesio-incisal angle sharp, distoincisal angle more rounded
correct the following;
Maxillary central incisor
Two deep developmental depressions between the 4 facial lobes
Two shallow developmental depressions between the three facial lobes
TF Lingual aspect of max. central incisor is narrower than facial aspect mesiodistally
T
Cingulum (bulky convexity at cervical 1/3 of lingual aspect) formed by lingual developmental lobe
on lingual aspect of max central incisor
TF max central incisor;
the central portion of the cingulum is typically located mesial to the center on the crown
F distal
lingual fossa is created by 3 ridges in the max central incisor
F
4–> cingulum, mesial, distal, incisor
TF lingual fossa of max central inc. May have developmental grooves in fossa and lingual pit
T
Crown roughly triangular or wedge shaped
max central incisor(mesial)
tf
max central inc –> Incisal tip and root apex lingual to bisecting line
Incisal tip and root apex on bisecting line
mesial aspect of max central incisor
CEJ line curves greatly toward —-
CEJ line curves greatly toward incisal (
tf incisal ridges are visible from mesial surface of max central inc.
T
which is false about max central incisors from distal surface?
Shorter incisocervically than mesial
CEJ line more pronounced than mesial
Contact area more cervically positioned than mesial
B
CEJ line less pronounced than mesial
Max central incisor
tf
Due to the turn of the tooth along the arch, you see more of the facial surface of the crown from the distal view. Also, the mesial marginal ridge is not visible from this view
t
incisal of max central incisor
Roughly triangular outline
wider mesiodistally than faciolingually
max central inc (incisal view)
tf
only has max central incisor has only Distinct mesio-facial line angles
Distinct mesio-facial and distofacial line angles
max lat incisors
Termed incisal —- when newly erupted (slightly rounded); after wear it becomes flattened and is termed incisal —-
Termed incisal ridge when newly erupted (slightly rounded); after wear it becomes flattened and is termed incisal edge
tf
incisal view of max central inc
The proximal contacts are in the middle of the middle third of the crown and in line with the incisal ridge
t
max central incisor
cingulum is positioned slightly —- to the bisecting line which yields a slightly —- mesial outline of the lingual surface vs. the distal
cingulum is positioned slightly distal to the bisecting line which yields a slightly longer mesial outline of the lingual surface vs. the distal
cervical cross section of max central incisors;
Horizontal cross-section at the —- region shows an external —– ——-outline form
and also a —— —— outline form of the pulp
incisal view of max central incisor
1) Cingulum
2) Mesial marginal ridge
3) ——-
4) Lingual fossa
1)Cingulum 2) Mesial marginal ridge 3) Distal marginal ridge 4) Lingual fossa
Crown to Root Ratio 1: 1 ½ of max central incisors
1;1.5
max central incisor
Single, —–, relatively straight; may incline —-
—— pulp canal
Single, conical, relatively straight; may incline distally
single pulp canal
“Peg” lateral and Sometimes congenitally missing
Maxillary Lateral Incisor
Sometimes congenitally missing
max lat incisors
Over 60% of the maxillary central incisor specimens showed —- canals
Over 60% of the maxillary central incisor specimens showed accessory canals
tf max lat incisor Exhibits less curvature than central
F Exhibits more curvature than central
tf max lat incisor Mesial outline straighter than the distal outline
t
max lat incisors have — when newly erupted
mammelons
correct the statement
max lat incisor–>
More rounded incisal angles (DI < rounded than MI)
max lat incisor–>
More rounded incisal angles (DI > rounded than MI)
tf max lat inc.–>
Incisal edge may slope gingivally toward mesial aspect
f
Incisal edge may slope gingivally toward distal aspect
tf max lat incisor Shorter and narrower than central incisor
t
max lateral incisor –>Root— with — inclination
Root conical with distal inclination
(narrow mesiodistally broad faciolingually
root of max lat incisor
Crown and root taper to the —- in max lat incisor
Crown and root taper to the lingual
max lat incisor –> less prominent cingulum and marginal ridges than central
F
More prominent cingulum and marginal ridges than central
Deeper lingual fossa which may have developmental grooves or lingual pit
max lat incisor
Most pronounced lingual anatomy of all anteriors
max lat incisor
lat max incisor
Root uniformly —–
Root apex usually inclines —-
Root uniformly convex
Root apex usually inclines distally
lat max incisor
mesial view
Wedge-shaped crown
Incisal ridge broader faciolingually
mesial of max lat incisor
mesial max lat incisor
Incisal edge is over center of tooth
tf mesial view of max lat incisor–>CEJ line is more pronounced than central
CEJ line is less pronounced than central
tf
max lat incisor Cingulum may be slightly more convex than central
t
tf
distal view of max lat incisors–>Facial contour more rounded than central
t
TF
Distal CEJ is less curved than mesial of max lat incisor
T
More ovoid crown outline form
max lat incisors
More convex facially and lingually than central incisor
max lat incisor
Marginal ridges and cingulum more prominent than central incisor
max lat incisor
Cingulum more centered
on max lat incisor
proximal contact in line in the middle of the middle third of the crown and the incisal ridge
max lat and central incisor
Horizontal cross-section at cervical region shows a more —- outline form (pulp also)
Horizontal cross-section at cervical region shows a more ovoid outline form (pulp also); single root
max lat incisor
Wider faciolingually than mesiodistally
max lat incisor
Wider mesiodistally at the labial than the lingual
max lat incisor
developmental groove in the root of teeth that may continue apically down the root.
Radicular grooves (RGs)
Grooves run from the beginning of the ——- and along the root surface to the —-.
Grooves run from the beginning of the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) and along the root surface to the apex.
the course of the radicular grooves is —-.
the course of the grooves is straight.
most often located on the palatal aspect of maxillary lateral incisors,
Radicular grooves
radicular grooves
and rarely on the labial root surface of the central incisors.
distal position dominating, as it occurs in approximately 70% of cases
radicular grooves
promotes accumulation of difficult-to-remove plaque and calculus
radicular grooves
A
Histological sulcus
prognosis of pulp diseases and/or periapical inflammation
in presense of radicular grove
depends in part on the groove’s extension,
the depth of the groove,
and the relation of the groove to the pulp cavity
distal occlusion
retrognathic profile
mesial occlusion
prognathic profile
horizonta overlap
overjet
vertical overlap
overbite
Biological width
Epithelial attachment (0.97 mm) +
Connective tissue attachment (1.07 mm)
tf retrognathic profile is more prevalent than prognathic profile
T
22% vs. 6%
ant guidanc
Contact of maxillary incisors and mandibular incisors to guide mandible downward to create disarticulation of the posterior teeth
covered by enamel vs covered by cemenum
anatomic crown vs. anatomic root
The portion of a tooth that is above the gingival margin.
Clinical Crown
Narrowest and shortest of all permanent teeth
Mandibular Central Incisor
Mandibular Central Incisor
Crown to root ratio approaching one to one
single canal from crown to apex
type 1 vertuccir
pulp separates in two near the crown and joins back together at apex to form one root canal
type 2 vertucci classification
root separate into 2 distinct canals and extends to root apex separately
type 4 vertucci
starts as one root canal in pulp chamber and divides into 2 as it reaches apical foramen
type 3 vertucci
slightly larger in all dimensions than central incisor and not bilaterally symmetric
Mandibular Lateral Incisor
Crown is bilaterally symmetrical (mesial and distal halves are almost identical)
Mandibular Central Incisor
tf Mandibular Central Incisor
dont have mamelon
f
Mamelons when newly erupted
Mandibular Central Incisor
Incisal edge straight; —– to long axis of tooth
Incisal edge straight; perpendicular to long axis of tooth
tf Mandibular Central Incisor;
round MI and DI angles
Sharp MI and DI angles (~90°)
tf Mandibular Central Incisor
Facial surface quite rough
F
Facial surface quite smooth
correct the statement
Mandibular Central Incisor Root long , straight, spherical, very wide mesiodistally
Mandibular Central Incisor Root short, straight, conical, very narrow mesiodistally
Relatively smooth lingual aspect of Mandibular Central Incisor
T
Mandibular Central Incisor–>
Crown tapers to the lingual on lingual surface
(not root)
T
Mandibular Central Incisor–>
Crown tapers to the lingual (not root)
max incisors have Less prominent cingulum, marginal ridges, and lingual fossa than Mandibular Central Incisor
F
Mandibular Central Incisor have
Less prominent cingulum, marginal ridges, and lingual fossa than maxillary incisors
Mandibular Central Incisor;
Incisal edge slightly lingual to bisecting line(mesial aspect)
T
Maxillary Central Incisor
triangular or wedge shaped
tf Mandibular Central Incisor
have Pronounced CEJ line (less than maxillary central)
t
S – shaped on lingual (slightly convex cingulum; slightly concave fossa)
Mandibular Central Incisor
Root broad faciolingually
Mandibular Central Incisor
Mandibular Central Incisor distal aspect
CEJ less pronounced than mesial
Incisal edge straight and slightly lingual to center
Mandibular Central Incisor
Incisal edge perpendicular to faciolingual bisecting line
Mandibular Central Incisor
tf mandib. facial incisor is Wider mesiodistally than
faciolingually
f
Wider faciolingually than mesiodistally
tf central mandib incisor have a trapezoidal shape
f
Roughly triangular crown outline form
tf Mandibular Central Incisor
Cingulum centered but may be slightly offset distally
T
Mesial and distal portions symmetrical
Mandibular Central Incisor incisal view
Single, short, and straight
root of Mandibular Central Incisor
Narrow mesiodistally
Broad faciolingually
root of
Mandibular Central Incisor
narrow, elongated ribbon shaped pulp
Cervical cross-section of Mandibular Central Incisor
tf Mandibular Central Incisor have only one pulp canal
f Often two pulp canals
(one facial, one lingual)
Hour glass shape
Mandibular Central Incisor
Mandibular Central Incisor
Narrow mesiodistally
Broad faciolingually
tf Mandibular Central Incisor only have mesial root concavities
f
Mandibular Central Incisor
Usually mesial and distal root concavities
facial and lingual pulp canal
Mandibular Central Incisor
Erupts at age 7-8
Mandibular Lateral Incisor
tf Mandibular Lateral Incisor isnt bilat symmtericall
T
Tf Mandib. Central incisors slightly larger in all dimensions than Mandibular Lateral Incisor
f
Mandibular Lateral Incisor slightly larger in all dimensions
facial aspect of Mandibular Lateral Incisor
Incisal edge slopes gingivally toward distal
tf Mandibular Lateral Incisor
MI angle slightly more rounded than DI angle
Mandibular Lateral Incisor
DI angle slightly more rounded than MI angle
tf
Mandibular Lateral Incisor(facial view)
Mesial outline straighter than distal outline
T
tf
Root apex may curve mesially in Mandibular Lateral Incisor
f distally
Facial surface smooth and flat in the incisal 2/3
Mandibular Lateral Incisor
smooth surface lingual anatomy
Mandibular Lateral and central Incisor
Cingulum is slightly distal to the center of the crown
Mandibular Lateral Incisor
Crown tapers towards lingual
Mandibular Lateral Incisor
tf in
Mandibular Lateral Incisor
Distal marginal ridge is slightly shorter than mesial marginal ridge due to slope
t
CEJ line less pronounced
Mandibular Lateral Incisor< central incisor
facial HOC and lingual HOC in cervical third
mandibular lateral and central incisor
incisal edge lingual to bisecting line(mesial aspect)
mandib. central and lat incisor
root broad faciolingually and concavity present on mesial surface
mandib lateral incisor
CEJ line less curved than mesial
Mandibular Lateral Incisor
(distal view)
distal surface is shorter incisogingivally than mesial surface
Mandibular Lateral Incisor
Mandibular Lateral Incisor
crown is “twisted”
More of incisal ridge and facial surface shows from distal aspect
on Mandibular Lateral Incisor
deep concavity on distal surface
Mandibular Lateral Incisor
Root short, straight, conical, very narrow mesiodistally
Mandibular Central and lateral Incisor
Crown appears as if twisted at its base
Mandibular Lateral Incisor(incisal view)
tf
Mandibular Lateral Incisor
Incisal edge not perpendicular to faciolingual bisecting line;
F
Incisal edge not perpendicular to faciolingual bisecting line;
distal aspect of incisal edge more lingually positioned in
Mandibular Lateral Incisor
Mandibular Lateral Incisor
Cingulum more noticeably displaced toward the distal
central incisor root; may incline distally
root of Mandibular Lateral Incisor
May have shallower root concavities on mesial and distal
Mandibular Lateral Incisor
Mandibular Lateral Incisor
cervical cross section
longer faciolingualy than distal mesially
canine
longest teeth in mouth
Transitional form (and function) between incisors and premolars
Maxillary Canine
Four Developmental Lobes (3F/1L)
canines
longest teeth
canines
crown to root ratio of canine
1;2
tf canines have
smaller crown than incisors
f
fCrown longer than incisors
Last tooth to be lost generally
max canine
Transitional form and function
mandib canine
Four Developmental Lobes
mandib canine
roots curve
distally(canine)
tf in canines distal crown contours are usually less rounded than the mesial
f
distal crown contours are usually more rounded than the mesial
tf canine distal contact areas appear more gingivally positioned
t
tf max canine
Cusp tip in line with center of crown but mesial to center of the root
f
Cusp tip in line with center of root but mesial to center of the crown
max canine(facial)
concave b/n cervical line and contact area
tf max canine–>Mesial cusp ridge (slope) is shorter than the distal
t
longer and Central sl. wider M-D
than incisors
max canine
slightly convex vs. very convex
Mesial vs distal
max canine
concavity on
distal max canine
tf–> max canine–>Prominent facial ridge (middle lobe) sl. distal to center
f
Prominent facial ridge (middle lobe) sl. mesial to center
longest root of any tooth
max canine
distal outline straighter than mesial outline
max canine
max canine
apical third–slight distal inclination
max canine
smooth convex facial surface
Lingual of max canine
sinculum and 2 marginal ridge
tf ML fossa larger than the DL fossa in max canine
F
ML fossa (smaller) and DL fossa (larger)
tf max canine has a Lingual ridge extending from cingulum to cusp tip;
t
TF Lingual aspects of max canine crown and root narrower than facial mesiodistally
T
CEJ line may be flattened or straight instead of uniformly convex in cingulum area
max canine
max canine
mesial marginal ridge
distal marginal ridge
max canine
incisal ridge
lingual ridge
singula
wedge shape
mesial from maxillary canine side
max canine mesial aspect
slightly rounded to flat
–> labial outline from HOC 2 incisal
max canine
(Lingual)
convex at cingulum
CEJ curves evenly towards incisal
mesial aspect of max canine
tf max canine Cusp tip sl. lingual to center of crown
Cusp tip sl. facial to center of crown
tf there is no depression on max canine mesial aspect
T
faciolingually in cervical 2/3
max canine on mesial side
tf max canine CEJ line less curved mesial than distally
f
CEJ line less curved distally than mesial
Marked depression in middle third of crown
max canine distal side
tf max canine incisal form is symtrical
Outline form of max canine is not symmetrical
mesial half is flat and broad faciolingually; distal half is highly convex and narrow
mesial and facial–>
cusp tip of max canine
tf mesiodistally > facialingually of max canine
F
facialingually > mesiodistally
tf developmental depressions between 2 lobes on max canine
F
between 3 lobes
Mesial outline smoothly convex; distal outline exhibits distinct prominence
max canine(incisal view)
max canine display Proximal contacts, cusp slopes, and cusp tip on—— line
Proximal contacts, cusp slopes, and cusp tip on straight line
Cingulum is prominent and centered ——
Cingulum is prominent and centered mesiodistally
tf max canine has a Facial ridge is prominent;distal to center of crown
Facial ridge is prominent; mesial to center of crown
max canine have
distinct fossa and marginal ridge
Longest root of all teeth
max canine
max canine root
Generally wider faciolingually than mesiodistally
tf max canine has a single pulp canal
T
max canine
has a root;Apical third may incline mesially
and have Possible bifurcation
has a root;Apical third may incline distally
and have Possible bifurcation
max canine
shallow developmental depressions proximally
tf
Only distal root depressions prominent on Max canine
Mesial and distal root depressions prominent
max canine;
Root canal is wide faciolingually and narrow mesiodistally
Last tooth to be lost generally
mand canine
2nd largest tooth in mouth
mand canine
tf mandib canineis wider than max canine
F
mandib canine is narrower
round to straight;
distal crown ; mesial crown of mand canine
correct the following
Mesial cusp ridge (slope)longer and less horizontal than distal slope(mand canine)
Mesial cusp ridge (slope) shorter and more horizontal than distal slope
crowns of mand canine
tilted distally with respect to long axis of tooth
mandib canine; Cusp tip in line with
center of root
mandib canine –> Prominent facial ridge
with two adjacent developmental depressions
tf mandib canine have a round root apex
f
sharp inclining distally
mandib canine
Lingual surface rough and
irregular
Lingual surface smooth and
regular
(mandib canine)
tf
mandib canine–>more prominent Cingulum, marginal ridges, lingual ridge, and fossaethan max canine
F
less prominent
tf Crown and root of mandib canine taper to the lingual
T
tf mandib canine have Mesial and distal root developmental depressions
t
mesial and distal fossa separated by
lingual ridge in mandib canine
tf mandib canine have 4 ridges on lingual
f 5
Incisal Ridge (Cusp tip with M and D marginal ridges)
Mesial marginal ridge
Distal marginal ridge
Cingulum
Lingual ridge
tf mandib canine have more labial (facial) curvature than maxillary canine
f
mandib canine have Less labial (facial) curvature than maxillary canine
tf mandib canine have a more pronounced lingual profile
less pronounced
narrow faciolingually than max canine
mesial max canine
mand canine (mesial aspect)–>Cusp tip slightly —- to bisecting line
mand canine (mesial aspect)–>Cusp tip slightly lingual to bisecting line
tf mand canine contain no
mesial root depression
tf on mesial aspect of mandib canine no distal marginal ridge is visible
Some of distal marginal ridge visible
distal apsect of mandib canine
CEJ line less pronounced than mesial
tf
distal surface of mandib canine longer mesial incisocervically
f
shorter
distal aspect of mandib canine
rooth depression frm CEJ and ends premature to apex
Root depression from CEJ almost to apex
F
incisal view of mandib canine
symmetrical and smooth outline form
tf Crown is wider mesiodistally than faciolingually
(of mandibular canine)
rown is wider faciolingually than mesiodistally
F
tf Cusp tip of mandib canine slightly distal and lingual to center of crown
and Cingulum slightly offset toward mesial
Cusp tip slightly mesial and lingual to center of crown
Cingulum slightly offset toward distal
F
tf lingual surface is more visible on incisal of mandib canine
F
facial surfac
irregular ovoid outline form which taper toward lingual
cervical cross section of mandib canine
tf Facial portion of mandib canine much wider than lingual portion
t
tf
Root canal broad faciolingually and narrow mesiodistally in
madib canine
T
flat but can have developmental depressions
mandib canine(cross section)
haxagon
max premolar 1
oval
max premolar 2
diamond
mand pre molar 1
square
mand pre molar 2
Curve of Spee (called also von Spee’s curve or Spee’s curvature) is defined as the
curvature of the mandibular occlusal plane beginning at the tip of the lower incisors and following the buccal cusps of the posterior teeth, continuing to the terminal molar.
buccal and palatal root
1st max pre molar
single root
incisor
canines
pre molars
3 types of roots of upper molars
mesiobuccal roots
distobuccal roots
palatal roots
mandible single rooted teeth
incisors
pre molars
canine
lower molars
mesial and distal roots
axial inclinations of max second premolars
toward distal from buccal and lingual view
axial inclination of max second premolars
toward lingual from
distal and mesial view
Resembles maxillary canine
Maxillary First Premolar
tf max First Premolar resembles a canine by crown and root are longer
f crown and root are shorter
Mesial portion of Maxillary First Premolar
gingival portion ;; concave
cervical portion; convex
tf in max 1st pre molars ;Mesial ridge (slope) of B cusp longer than distal slope
t
bell shaped crown
max 1st pre molar
max 1st premolar
Prominent buccal ridge
tf max 1st pre molar only has prominent MB line angle
f
prominent MB and DB line angles
3 facial lobes
max 1st pre molar
tf
there are developmental depressions between three facial lobes on max 1st pre molar
t
correct the statement
max 1st pre-molar
Buccal CEJ curves evenly toward the apex in a concaver manner
Buccal CEJ curves evenly toward the apex in a convex manner
tf
max 1st pre molar
Proximal contact level width has less width than at CEJ level (
F
Proximal contact level width much wider than at CEJ level (
tf max 1st pre-molar
Cusp tip located just distal to center on the crown
T
slight concavity ; smoothly convex on max 1st pre-molar
Mesial slope has sl. concavity Distal slope smoothly convex
tf
max 1st pre-molar lingual aspect is Smaller in all dimensions than the buccal aspect
T
tf only the crown converge toward lingual
on the lingual view of max 1st pre molar
f
Both crown and root converge toward lingual
max 1st pre molar has depressions and ridge on lingual surface
F
Lingual surface is smooth
tf Mesial and distal slopes of L cusp approximately form obtuse angle of max 1st pre molar.
f
Mesial and distal slopes of L cusp approximately form right angle
Lingual cusp of max 1st pre molar well developed but longer, wider, and bigger than buccal cusp
f
Lingual cusp well developed but smaller, narrower, and shorter than buccal cusp
characteristic of max 1st pre molar
Lingual cusp is offset toward the mesial
trapezoidal outline shape
mesial aspect of max pre molar
tf max 1st pre molar lingual cusp longer than Buccal cusp
Buccal cusp longer than lingual cusp
tf max 1st pre molar
Occlusal table much smaller than buccolingual diameter of crown
t
tf Triangular ridges of each cusp aren’t visible
of max 1st pre- molar
Triangular ridges of each cusp visible on mesial side of max 1st pre molar
tf
on max 1st premolar B and L cusp tips well within confines of root trunk
T
B and L cusp tips well within confines of root trunk
tf max 1st pre molar only has 1 root
f has 2 buccal and lingual
longer root with sharper apex on max 1st pre-molar
buccal root of max 1s pre-molar
on max 1st pre molar
Root trunk is thin and usually less than half the root length
on max 1st pre molar
Root trunk broad and usually greater than half the root length
Mesial marginal ridge perpendicular to long axis,
max 1st pre molar
on max 1st premolar
mesial marginal ridge interrupted by mesial marginal groove
Mesial concavity on max 1st pre molar
middle of the cervical third extending down to the root bifurcation
tf on max 1st pre molar distal aspect is smoother mesial aspect
t
Marginal ridge perpendicular to long axis
distal aspect of max 1st pre molar
No marginal groove or developmental depression
on distal side of max 1st pre molar
occlusalcervical surface shorter;
mesial or distal of max 1st pre molar
distal side
more occlusal surface visible of mesial or distal view of max 1st pre molar
Distal
slight depression on root
distal aspect of max 1st pre molar
mesial vs distal CEJ curvature towards the occlusal
on max 1st pre molar
less curved on the distal
outline form of occlusal of max 1st premolar
Hexagonal outline form
tf occlusal of max 1st pre molar is symmetric
f
assymetric
wider buccolingually than mesiodistally
max 1st pre molar occlusal surface
tf
max 1st premolar have Two well-developed cusps with distinct groove pattern
t
Which of the following isnt a distinct groove pattern of
max 1st pre molar
MB
DB
C
M
ML
ML
4 developmental lobes
max 1st premolar
M,d
Lingual, mid facial
central grove separates
2 triangular ridges on max 1st pre molar
tf max 1st premolar only has mesia marginal ridge
f
mesial and distal marginal ridge
tf pits on max 1st pre molar
exist on the triangular ridges
f
on triangular fossae
tf on max 1st pre molar
B & L heights of contour distal to center
f
B & L heights of contour mesial to center
line angles on max 1st pre molar
MB and DB
tf there is no buccal ridge on max 1st pre molar
F
its very prominent
on max 1st pre molar M and D contacts
facial to center
tf
on max 1st pre molar, Buccal cusp tip is distal to center with mesial slope longer than distal
t
tf
mesial slope longer than distal on max 1st pre molar(buccal side)
t
tf
on max 1st pre molar Buccal cusp ridges form straight line
f
Buccal cusp ridges form diagonal line
on max 1st pre molar which ridge is shorter
mesial or distal
Mesial
The only premolar that usually has two roots
max 1st pre molar
which root is longer in max 1st pre molar
buccal or lingual
buccal
tf only one pulp horn on the max 1st premolar
f 1 per cusp in max 1st pre molar
Pulp chamber —– to B and L pulp canals
in max 1st pre molar
Pulp chamber occlusal to B and L pulp canals
max 1st pre molar
kidney shaped cervical cross section
max 1st pre molar is more bellshaped than max 2ns pre molar
t
tf max 2nd pre molar buccal cusp shorter than max 1st pre molar
t
entire crown may appear slightly shorter and narrower but average dimensions are nearly the same)
max 1st and 2nd pre molar
tf mesial marginal ridge> distal marginal ridge
(of buccal cusp)(on max 2nd pre molar)
f
<
tf max pre molar 2 Less angular than P1
t
tf
more prominent facial ridge of max 2nd pre molar than 1st premolar
f
less prominent
tf max 2nd premolar has
more rounded appearance of MB and DB line angles
than max 1st premolar
t
tf max 2nd premolar has a sharper Buccal cusp tip than max 1st premolar
F
not as sharp
tf max 1st pre molar has more curved CEJ than max 2nd premolar
T
max 2nd pre molar
Root —– and smoothly —–
Root conical and smoothly convex
max 2nd pre molar same size
lingual and buccal cusp
; no occlusal surface visible
max 2nd pre molar
Smoothly —–crown and root; —– taper to lingual than teeth anterior to it
Smoothly convex crown and root; less taper to lingual than teeth anterior to it
lingual aspect of max 2nd pre molar
L cusp tip slightly ——- to center
L cusp tip slightly mesial to center
tf on mesial aspect of max 2nd pre molar
B > L cusps
f
B and L cusps are approximately the same size
single root
max 2nd pre molar
tf on max 2nd pre molar
there is mesial marginal groove but
No mesial concavity or developmental depression on crown
f
no mesial marginal ridge
almost flat
CEJ of max 2nd premlar
(distal view)
tf max 2nd pre molar has thin occlusal table
F
wide
Smoothly convex
distal aspect of max second pre molar
tf
More of occlusal surface is visible from mesial view than distal view of max 2nd pre molar
F
distal view has more occlusal table visible
round and ovoid
occlusal view of max 2nd premolar
line angles
rounded on max 2nd pre molar
smooth outline
buccal outline of max 2nd pre molar(occlusal aspect)
Wider occlusal table (B-L)
occlusal aspect of max 2nd pre molar
short central groove with close M and D triangular fossa
occlusal aspect of mx 2nd premolar
compared to 1st
B and L cusps nearly centered on buccolingual bisecting line
max 2nd pre molar
tf max 2nd pre molar crown appears bilaterally symmetrical
t
tf max 2nd pre molar only can have 1 pulp canal
F
can have 2
no major root concavities
on max 2nd pre molar
ovoid
cross section max 2nd pre molar
Functionally resembles canine;
mandib 1st pre-molar
mandib 1st pre-molar
no significant lingual cusp; shorter root
Larger crown and root than first premolar;
2nd mandib pre molar
functionally resembles molar
Mandibular Second Premolar
(One B cusp and one L cusp)
H and U type
mandib 2nd pre molar
most common type of Mandibular Second Premolar
Y-type
Y-type
One B cusp and two L cusps
leeway’s space
Space gained by the difference in mesiodistal dimensions of the premolars and the primary molars
sharp well defined cusp and similar to canine
buccal aspect of mandib 1st pre molar
tf mand 1st pre molar has a bell shaped crown
T
mesial ridge longer than distal ridge of mand 1st pre molar(buccal view)
f
shorter
mesial slope of mand 1st pre molar
has a concavity
tf mand 1t pre molar has no developmental depressions or concavities
f
Distinct facial lobes and developmental depressions
tf
CEJ is flat on mand 1st pre molar
F
CEJ slightly convex toward apex but less than anterior teeth
tf lingual cusps are huge on mand 1st pre molar
f they are small and permit occlusal surface to be visible
mesialdistally ligual surface narrower than buccal
mandibular 1st pre molar
tf
only 1 surface visible on lingual aspect of mand 1st premolar
F multiple surfaces
ridges visible on lingual aspect of mand 1st pre molar
buccle triangular rdge and transverse ridge
tf only distal marginal ridge visible from lingual aspct of mand 1st pre molar
f
distal and mesial
mand 1st premolar
Lingual height of contour almost —— on the crown
Lingual height of contour almost centered on the crown
unique to mandib 1st pre molar
Prominent mesiolingual developmental groove
mesial aspect of mand 1st pre molar
Crown inclines—– over the root
Crown inclines lingually over the root
tf short lingual cusp tipps the Occlusal plane is “tipped” lingually in mand 1st pre molat
T
tf
mesial marginal ridge of mand 1st pre molar
is perpendicular to long axis of tooth
f
mesial marginal ridge is the only marginal ridge of all posterior teeth not perpendicular to long axis of tooth
centered over root vs centered over lingual border of tooth of mand 1st pre molar
buccal cusp vs. lingual cusp
which developmental groove is visible from mesial aspect of mand 1st pre molar
ML developmental groove
tf
transverse ridge presense will prevent central grove from being visible of mand 1st pre molar
T
sloped mesial marginal ridge of mand 1st pre molar allows for
More of the occlusal surface visible
distal aspect of mand 1st pre molar
Wider buccolingually than mesial surface
tf on distal aspect of mand 1st pre molar
Distal marginal ridge perpendicular to the long axis
t
tf on mand 1st pre molar
mesial marginal ridge more occlusally positioned than
distal marginal ridge
f
Distal marginal ridge perpendicular to the long axis (and more occlusally positioned than mesial marginal ridge)
mesial aspect of mand 1st premolar
more occlusal surface visible than distal aspect
less curved CEJ
distal over mesial of mand 1st pre molar
in line with buccal cusp and apex
contact area of mandib 1st pre molar
mand 1st pre molar distal aspect
Contact area slightly broader than the mesial
Diamond shaped outline form
occlusal aspect of mand 1st pre molar
Prominent buccal ridge but uniformly convex buccal outline with much of the buccal surface visible
occlusal of mand 1st pre molar
distal outline more rounded and convex
than mesial outline of mand 1st premolar
convex with indentation
Mesial outline of mand 1st pre molar
indentation of mand 1st pre molar
where ML groove is located;
Prominent line angles but rounded
occlusal of mand 1st pre molar
small lingual cusp
mand 1st pre molar
central grove of mand 1st pre molar
often not distinct
transverse ridge of
occlusal of mand 1st pre molar
tf only mesial fossa of mand 1st pre molar visible
f
mesial and distal fossa
which marginal ridge is shorter on mand 1st pre molar
mesial or distal
mesial
both converge to lingual)
mesial and distal marginal ridge of mand 1st pre molar
ML groove visible
occlusal aspect of mand 1st pre molar
mand 1st pre molar; Occlusal surface (table) occupies most of the—- half of the tooth
Occlusal surface (table) occupies most of the lingual half of the tooth
Mesial contact, facial cusp tip, and distal contact of mand 1st pre molar
fall on straight line which is centered on the crown faciolingually
root of mand 1st pre molar
Wider buccolingually than mesiodistally
tf mand 1st pre molar is ovoid
(cross section)
t
Single root of mand 1s pre molar tapering to —- —- and
Single root tapering to sharp apex and pulp canal
mand 1st pre molar
Wider buccolingually than mesiodistally
sloped occlusal surface
mand 1st pre molar
mand 1st pre molar
can have two roots (one buccal and one lingual)
but usually only one root canal
ML developmetnal depression
visible on Mand 1st pre molar
larger and similar to canine
mand P2
tf mand P2 is bell shape
F
broader
shorter, less pointed and form obtuse angle
buccal cusp of mand P2
tf mesial cusp is longer than distal cusp in mand P2
f
shorter
tf mand P1(mesial and distal cusp slope) is more inclined than mand P2
t
occlusocervically mesial crown of Mand P2 is
longer than distal crown(mand P2)
shorter buccal cusp of mand P2
cause M&D contacts appear to be higher
smooth with indistinct conveixities or concavities
Mand P2 facial surface
conical with flattened facial surface
Mand P2 root (buccal)
blunt apex
root of Mand P2
Mand P2
CEJ straighter than teeth anterior to it
tf mand P2 is
Wider mesiodistally but
shorter occlusogingivally
than MandP1
F
wider and longer
Mesial and distal crown outlines convex
mand P2
tf mand P2 has no concavities on mesial and distal crown outline
T
2 typs of cusps of mand P2
bucal
ML
DL
Lingual cusp or cusps shorter
than buccal cusps of Mand P2
tf occlusal surface more visible in mand P2 than mand P1
F
Occlusal surface less visible than in P1
ML cusp is larger than DL cusp
in y type mand P2
smooth and convex
root of mand P2
tf root of Mand P2 tapers to the lingual more than P1
F
tapers to the lingual less than P1
mesial aspect of mand P2
Crown and root wider buccolingually than madn P1
which buccal cusp is shorter
mand P1 or mand P2
Mand P2
B cusp tip slightly buccal to center of root
mand P2
higher lingual cusp occlusally
mand P2 or Mand P1
mand p2
Mesial (and distal) marginal ridges—– to long axis of tooth of mand P2
Mesial (and distal) marginal ridges perpendicular to long axis of tooth of mand P2
tf mand P2 has ML developmental groove
F
lacks
CEJ less curved
Mand P1 or Mand P2
Mand P2
root apex blunted
mand P1
or mand P2
mand P2
TF on mand P2 DL cusps are visible on mesial aspect
F
not visible on mesial aspect
Mand P2 lacks
transverse ridge; defined central groove
on mesial aspect
tf oclusal table of mand P2 is more perpnedicular to long axis than mand P1
T
mand P2
—- crown outline with a —— tilt
mand P2
Rhomboidal crown outline with a lingual tilt
tf on distal aspect of mand P2
Contact area larger and wider buccolingually than mesial aspect
T
distal aspect of mand P2
all cusp visible
Y-type P2
DL cusp smaller than ML cusp
in Y-type P2
(distal aspect)
distal aspect mand P2
largest cusp
buccal cusp
prominent triangular ridge
on buccal cusp of mand P2(distal view)
perpendicular to long axis
Distal marginal ridge of mand P2
mand P2 distal view
CEJ flattened and similar to what is seen on molars
square outline form
occlusal of mand P2(y type)
parralel to each other
mesial and distal aspects of mand P2(occlusaL)
Less prominent buccal ridge with less distinct developmental depressions
occlusal of mand P2
what is major grovve pattern of mand P2(occlusal)
Y
order the follwoing cusp in terms of size on mand P2
DL cusp
ML cusp
B cusp
B cusp > ML cusp > DL cusp
lingual grove separates
2 lingual cusps of mand P2(occlusal)
tf lingual groove of mand P2 is mesial to center
F
distal to center
name type of pits of mand P2
Mesial and distal triangular fossae with pits
and central pits
• More rounded outline form than Y-type
H and U type Mand P2
tf
“H” and “U” types ; mesial and distal profiles are parallel to each other
f
Mesial and distal profiles not as parallel
converge toward lingual
Mesial and distal profiles of H and U types
No lingual groove or central pit
H and U type Mand P2
tf
in mand P2 h and u types
Buccal cusp smaller than lingual cusp
F
Buccal cusp larger than lingual cusp
root of Mand P2
Single root with one pulp canal
tf mand P2 root Slightly wider buccolingually and longer than P1
T
root apex of mand P2
blunted
root apex of mand P2
incline distally
Rarely bifurcated of trifurcated root
mand P2 roots
round to ovoid cross section
mand P2 cross section
slightly flattened buccal surface
mand P2(cross section)
cross section of mand P2
Slight taper to the lingual
Single root canal usually
mand p2
type 5 and 6 vertucci
vertucci 7 and 8
Root trunk in occlusal third of root (approx. 4mm)
max 1st molar
lingual aspect of max 1st molar
grooves
- Lingual developmental groove
- Developmental groove of the fifth cusp
- Central developmental groove
- Facial (buccal) developmental groove
- Transverse groove of the oblique ridge
- Distal oblique developmental groove
max 1st molar
DL groove of Max M2
terminates at a point further distal and occlusal than Max M1
(ends more midlingually)
The continuous C-shaped canal
Type I C shaped canal
type 2 c shaped canal
The semicolon shaped canal
Two discrete and separate canals.
Type III : c shaped canal
the shape is an uninterrupted ‘C’ with no separation or division.
c1 melton
the canal shape resembles a semicolon resulting from a discontinuation of the ‘C’ outline.
Category C2: Melton
two separated canals.
Category C3a:
three separated canals. C
Category C3b: Melton
Category C4:
only one round or oval canal.
1, Inferior alveolar artery; 2, dental arteriole; 3, pulpal branches;
4, periodontal ligament arteriole; 5 and 6, interalveolar arterioles.
hard and soft palate
The anteroposterior curved line that connects the cusp tips of the posterior teeth
curve of spee
The mediolateral curved line that connects the buccal and lingual cusp tips on each side of the arch (frontal view
curve of wilson
crest or ridge that extends from the apex of a cusp of a premolar or molar tooth toward the central part of the occlusal surface
triangular ridge
cingulum
a U- or W-shaped ridge at the base of the lingual surface of the crown of the upper incisors and cuspidteeth,
a pointed end where two curves meet, in particular.
cusp
tubercle
. A small elevation of variable size on the crown of a tooth representing a thickened area of enamel or an accessory cusp.
ridge of teeth
any linear elevation on the surface of a tooth and is named according to its location
marginal ridge
transverse ridge
triangular ridge
oblique ridge
fossa
A rounded or angular depression in the occlusal surface of a posterior tooth bordered by the cusp ridges and the occlusal table.
sulcus tooth
The gingival sulcus is an area of potential space between a tooth and the surrounding gingival tissue and is lined by sulcular epithelium.
he slight depression dividing the lobes on an anterior tooth, and running parallel with the long axis.
developmental grove
supplemental groove
minor, auxiliary groove that branches off from a much more prominent developmental groove.
post teeth line angle
occlusolingual line angle
mesial buccal and distal buccal line angle
post teeth
incisocervicl dimension
mesiodistal and buccal lingual line angle
post teeth
4 types of occlusal line angle on post teeth
labioincisal line angle on
ant teeth
mesio occlucal and lingual occlusal line angle
post teeth
point angle on post teeth
mesiolingual occlusal
distal lingual occlusal3
post teeth
mesialbuccal occlusal point angle
distal buccal occlusal point angle
ant teeth
mesiolingual incisal and distal lingual incisal point angle
mesial lingual incisal point angle
and\distal lingual incisal point angle of ant teeth
perikymata (Greek plural of perikyma)
are the pits around the long prisms of tooth enamel. They indicate the places where enamel-producing cells used to make contact with neighboring cells and are the result of normal enamel apposition.
incisal occlusal embrasure
buccal embrasure
lingual embrasure
ging or cervical embrasure embrasure
