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Organic Chemistry Il > Alkyl Halides > Flashcards

Alkyl Halides Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three major classes of halogenated organic compounds?

A

Alkyl halides, vinyl halides, and the aryl halides

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2
Q

What is alkyl halide?

A

A halogen atom bonded to one of the sp 3 hybrid carbon (single bonded) atoms of an alkyl group

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3
Q

What is vinyl halide?

A

Halogen atom bonded to one of the sp 2 hybrid carbon (double bond) atoms of an alkyl group

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4
Q

What is aryl halide?

A

A halogen atom bonded to one of the sp 2 hybrid atom (double bonded) atom of an aromatic ring

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5
Q

What is geminal dihalide?

A

Has two halogen atoms bonded to the same carbon atom

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6
Q

What is vicinal dihalide?

A

Has two halogens bonded to adjacent carbon atoms

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7
Q

What are the uses of alkyl halides?

A

As solvent
Anesthetics

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8
Q

What are alkyl halides primarily used as?

A

Industrial and household solvents

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9
Q

What are examples of good solvents for cleaning and degreasing work?

A

Methylene chloride
Chloroform

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10
Q

Methylene chloride was once used as what?

A
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11
Q

Why was chloroform replaced by methylene chloride?

A

Chloroform is more toxic and carcinogenic

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12
Q

What are the medical uses of alkyl halides?

A
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13
Q

What is more electronegative halogen or carbon?

A

Halogen

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14
Q

What is the equation for dipole moment?

A
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15
Q

As the halogen atoms become bigger the carbon - halogen bond length…

A

Increases

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16
Q

As the bond length increases the electronegativity…

A

Decreases

17
Q

What is the order of dipole moment increasing?

A
18
Q

The physical properties of alkyl halides depends on what?

A

London force and dipole-dipole attractions

19
Q

What is the strongest intermolecular attraction in alkyl halides?

A

London force

20
Q

What are London forces?

A

Surface attractions, resulting from coordinated temporary dipoles

21
Q

Molecules with larger surface areas have larger what?

A

London attractions, resulting in higher boiling points

22
Q

How are alkyl halides prepared?

A

Free-radical halogenation (non-selective )
Allylic bromination (selective)

23
Q

What is free-radical halogenation?

A
24
Q

What is allylic bromination?

A
25
Q

What are the reactions of alkyl halides?

A

Substitution
elimination (dehydrohalogenation)

26
Q

What is Sn1 and Sn2 ?

A

Organic Chemistry Il (12 decks)

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