Alkenes

Question 1

What are alkenes?

Answer 1

Hydrocarbons with carbon-carbon double bonds

Question 2

alkenes are sometimes called…

Answer 2

Olefins

Question 3

Many alkenes are found in what?

Answer 3

Plants and animals

Question 4

What is the largest-volume industrial organic compound?

Answer 4

Ethylene

Question 5

What is ethylene used to make?

Answer 5

Polyethylene and a variety of other industrial and consumer chemicals

Question 6

What is pinene?

Answer 6

A major component of turpentine, the paint solvent distilled from extracts of evergreen trees

Question 7

Which bonds are more stable?

Answer 7

Single bonds

Question 8

What are the most common reactions of double bonds?

Answer 8

Transform the pi bond into a sigma bond

Question 9

What is catalytic hydrogenation?

Answer 9

Example of addition reaction → pi bond and the sigma bond converted into 2 sigma bonds

Question 10

Which bond is stronger and shorter

Answer 10

Alkenes → 152 kcal mol -1
1.33A

Question 11

What bonds does C = C contain?

Answer 11

One sigma and one pi bond

Question 12

Is rotation possible for a c=c?

Answer 12

No

Question 13

Alkenes are saturated or unsaturated?

Answer 13

Unsaturated

Question 14

Why is the product, an alkane, called saturated?

Answer 14

It cannot react with any more hydrogen

Question 15

The presence of a pi bond decreases what?

Answer 15

The number of hydrogen atoms in a molecular formula → elements of unsaturation

Question 16

One element of unsaturation corresponds to how many fewer hydrogen atoms ?

Answer 16

Two

Question 17

A compound with two, three, and four double bonds are named as what?

Answer 17

2 → diene
3 → triene
4 → tetraene

Question 18

What is conjugated diene?

Answer 18

Double bonds that are separated by just one single bond

Question 19

What is isolated diene?

Answer 19

Double bonds being separated by two or more single bonds

Question 20

Isolated or conjugated diene is more stable?

Answer 20

Conjugated

Question 21

Alkenes named as substituents are called what ?

Answer 21

Alkenyl

Question 22

What are the common alkenyl substituents?

Answer 22

Vinyl, allyl,methylene, and phenyl groups

Question 23

How is the phenyl group different?

Answer 23

Its aromatic and doesn’t undergo the typical reactions of Alkenes

Question 24

What is application of polyene?

Answer 24

Antifungal drug

Question 25

What is the best-known polyene antifungal drug?

Answer 25

Amphotericin B

Question 26

What is the application of stereoisomers?

Answer 26

Drugs → quinine used for malaria, stereoisomer of quinine, quinidine → treat irregular heartbeat

Question 27

Trans cycloalkenes are unstable unless....

Answer 27

The ring is large enough ( at least 8 C)

Question 28

All cycloalkenes are assumed to be cis or trans?

Answer 28

Cis

Question 29

Ethylene also serves as what ?

Answer 29

Plant hormone → accelerating the ripening of fruit

Question 30

What is the reaction of alkene?

Answer 30

Electrophilic addition

Question 31

What is the markovnikovs rule ?

Answer 31

The addition of a proton acid to the double bond of an alkene results in a product with the acid proton bonded to the carbon atom that already holds the greater number of hydrogen atoms

Question 32

Describe the oxidative addition of bromine to cyclohexene

Answer 32

The bromine color disappears because bromine adds across double bond Added at right → no reaction

Question 33

What is epoxied?

Answer 33

Three-membered cyclic ether, also called oxirane

Question 34

What are epoxides valuable for?

Answer 34

Synthetic intermediates used for converting alkenes to a variety of other functional groups

Question 35

An Alkene is converted to a peroxide by what?

Answer 35

Peroxyacid → a cardoxylic acid that has an extra oxygen atom

Question 36

What is the application of epoxide?

Answer 36

Insecticides

Question 37

What is the application of epoxide in drug metabolism?

Answer 37

Question 38

What is the method of preparation of alkenes?

Answer 38

Catalytic cracking

Question 39

What is catalytic cracking?

Answer 39

Heating a mixture of alkanes in the presence of catalyst ( aluminosilicates ) Alkenes formed by bond cleavage to give an Alkene and a shortened alkane