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Organic Chemistry Il > Alkenes > Flashcards

Alkenes Flashcards

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1
Q

What are alkenes?

A

Hydrocarbons with carbon-carbon double bonds

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2
Q

alkenes are sometimes called…

A

Olefins

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3
Q

Many alkenes are found in what?

A

Plants and animals

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4
Q

What is the largest-volume industrial organic compound?

A

Ethylene

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5
Q

What is ethylene used to make?

A

Polyethylene and a variety of other industrial and consumer chemicals

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6
Q

What is pinene?

A

A major component of turpentine, the paint solvent distilled from extracts of evergreen trees

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7
Q

Which bonds are more stable?

A

Single bonds

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8
Q

What are the most common reactions of double bonds?

A

Transform the pi bond into a sigma bond

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9
Q

What is catalytic hydrogenation?

A

Example of addition reaction → pi bond and the sigma bond converted into 2 sigma bonds

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10
Q

Which bond is stronger and shorter

A

Alkenes → 152 kcal mol -1
1.33A

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11
Q

What bonds does C = C contain?

A

One sigma and one pi bond

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12
Q

Is rotation possible for a c=c?

A

No

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13
Q

Alkenes are saturated or unsaturated?

A

Unsaturated

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14
Q

Why is the product, an alkane, called saturated?

A

It cannot react with any more hydrogen

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15
Q

The presence of a pi bond decreases what?

A

The number of hydrogen atoms in a molecular formula → elements of unsaturation

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16
Q

One element of unsaturation corresponds to how many fewer hydrogen atoms ?

A

Two

17
Q

A compound with two, three, and four double bonds are named as what?

A

2 → diene
3 → triene
4 → tetraene

18
Q

What is conjugated diene?

A

Double bonds that are separated by just one single bond

19
Q

What is isolated diene?

A

Double bonds being separated by two or more single bonds

20
Q

Isolated or conjugated diene is more stable?

A

Conjugated

21
Q

Alkenes named as substituents are called what ?

A

Alkenyl

22
Q

What are the common alkenyl substituents?

A

Vinyl, allyl,methylene, and phenyl groups

23
Q

How is the phenyl group different?

A

Its aromatic and doesn’t undergo the typical reactions of Alkenes

24
Q

What is application of polyene?

A

Antifungal drug

25
Q

What is the best-known polyene antifungal drug?

A

Amphotericin B

26
Q

What is the application of stereoisomers?

A

Drugs → quinine used for malaria,
stereoisomer of quinine, quinidine → treat irregular heartbeat

27
Q

Trans cycloalkenes are unstable unless….

A

The ring is large enough ( at least 8 C)

28
Q

All cycloalkenes are assumed to be cis or trans?

A

Cis

29
Q

Ethylene also serves as what ?

A

Plant hormone → accelerating the ripening of fruit

30
Q

What is the reaction of alkene?

A

Electrophilic addition

31
Q

What is the markovnikovs rule ?

A

The addition of a proton acid to the double bond of an alkene results in a product with the acid proton bonded to the carbon atom that already holds the greater number of hydrogen atoms

32
Q

Describe the oxidative addition of bromine to cyclohexene

A

The bromine color disappears because bromine adds across double bond
Added at right → no reaction

33
Q

What is epoxied?

A

Three-membered cyclic ether, also called oxirane

34
Q

What are epoxides valuable for?

A

Synthetic intermediates used for converting alkenes to a variety of other functional groups

35
Q

An Alkene is converted to a peroxide by what?

A

Peroxyacid → a cardoxylic acid that has an extra oxygen atom

36
Q

What is the application of epoxide?

A

Insecticides

37
Q

What is the application of epoxide in drug metabolism?

A
38
Q

What is the method of preparation of alkenes?

A

Catalytic cracking

39
Q

What is catalytic cracking?

A

Heating a mixture of alkanes in the presence of catalyst ( aluminosilicates )
Alkenes formed by bond cleavage to give an Alkene and a shortened alkane

Organic Chemistry Il (12 decks)

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